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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Fundamentals of open-channel flow | |
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| Geometric elements of open channels | |
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| Velocity and discharge | |
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| Hydrostatic pressure | |
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| Mass, momentum and energy transfer in open-channel flow | |
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| Mass transfer | |
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| Momentum transfer | |
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| Energy transfer | |
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| Open-channel flow classification | |
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| Conservation laws | |
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| Conservation of mass | |
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| Conservation of momentum | |
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| Conservation of energy | |
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| Steady flow equations | |
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| Steady spatially-varied flow equations | |
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| Comparison and use of momentum and energy equations | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Energy and momentum principles | |
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| Critical flow | |
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| Froude number | |
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| Calculation of critical depth | |
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| Applications of energy principle for steady flow | |
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| Energy equation | |
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| Specific energy diagram for constant discharge | |
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| Discharge diagram for constant specific energy | |
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| Specific energy in rectangular channels | |
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| Choking of flow | |
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| Applications of momentum principle for steady flow | |
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| Momentum equation | |
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| Specific momentum diagram for constant discharge | |
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| Discharge diagram for constant specific momentum | |
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| Hydraulic jump | |
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| Specific momentum in rectangular channels | |
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| Hydraulic jump in rectangular channels | |
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| Choking and momentum principle | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Normal flow | |
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| Flow resistance | |
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| Boundary layer and flow resistance | |
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| The Darcy-Weisbach equation | |
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| The Chezy equation | |
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| The Manning formula | |
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| Normal flow equation | |
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| Normal depth calculations in uniform channels | |
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| Normal depth calculations in grass-lined channels | |
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| Normal depth calculations in riprap channels | |
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| Normal flow in composite channels | |
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| Normal flow in compound channels | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Gradually-varied flow | |
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| Classification of channels for gradually-varied flow | |
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| Classification of gradually-varied flow profiles | |
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| Significance of Froude number in gradually-varied flow calculations | |
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| Qualitative determination of expected gradually-varied flow profiles | |
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| Gradually-varied flow computations | |
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| Direct step method | |
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| Standard step method | |
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| Applications of gradually-varied flow | |
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| Locating hydraulic jumps | |
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| Lake and channel problems | |
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| Two-lake problems | |
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| Effect of choking on water surface profile | |
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| Gradually-varied flow in channel systems | |
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| Gradually-varied flow in natural channels | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Design of open channels | |
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| General design considerations | |
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| Design of unlined channels | |
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| Maximum permissible velocity method | |
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| Tractive force method | |
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| Channel bends | |
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| Design of channels with flexible linings | |
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| Design of channels lined with vegetal cover | |
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| Design of riprap channels | |
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| Temporary flexible linings | |
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| Design of rigid boundary channels | |
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| Experience curve approach | |
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| Best hydraulic section approach | |
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| Minimum lining cost approach | |
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| Channel design for non-uniform flow | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Hydraulic structures | |
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| Flow measurement structures | |
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| Sharp-crested weirs | |
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| Broad-crested weirs | |
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| Flumes | |
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| Culverts | |
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| Inlet control flow | |
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| Outlet control flow | |
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| Sizing of culverts | |
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| Overflow spillways | |
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| Shape for uncontrolled ogee crest | |
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| Discharge over an uncontrolled ogee crest | |
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| Discharge over gate-controlled ogee crests | |
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| Stilling basins | |
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| Position of hydraulic jump | |
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| Hydraulic jump characteristics | |
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| Standard stilling basin designs | |
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| Channel transitions | |
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| Channel transitions for subcritical flow | |
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| Channel transitions for supercritical flow | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Bridge hydraulics | |
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| Modeling bridge sections | |
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| Cross-section locations | |
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| Low-flow types at bridge sites | |
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| Low-flow calculations at bridge sites | |
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| High-flow calculations at bridge sites | |
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| Evaluating scour at bridges | |
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| Contraction scour | |
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| Local scour at piers | |
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| Local scour at abutments | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Introduction to unsteady open-channel flow | |
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| Governing equations | |
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| Numerical solution methods | |
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| Explicit finite difference schemes | |
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| Implicit finite difference schemes | |
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| Special considerations | |
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| Channel systems | |
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| Approximate unsteady-flow models | |
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| Diffusion-wave model for unsteady flow | |
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| Finite difference equations | |
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| Solution of finite difference equations | |
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| Simple channel-routing methods | |
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| The Muskingum method | |
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| The Muskingum-Cunge method | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |