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Measurement, Statistics, and Research | |
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What Is Measurement? | |
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The Process of Measurement | |
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Variables and Constants | |
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Research Design and Statistical Analysis | |
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Statistical Inference | |
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Summary | |
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Problems to Solve | |
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Key Words | |
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Organizing and Displaying Data | |
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Organizing Data | |
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Displaying Data | |
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Summary | |
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Problems to Solve | |
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Key Words | |
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Percentiles | |
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Common Percentile Divisions | |
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Calculations Using Percentiles | |
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Summary | |
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Problems to Solve | |
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Key Words | |
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Measures of Central Tendency | |
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The Mode | |
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The Median | |
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The Mean | |
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Relationships Among the Mode, Median, and Mean | |
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Summary | |
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Problems to Solve | |
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Key Words | |
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Measures of Variability | |
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Range | |
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Interquartile Range | |
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Variance | |
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Standard Deviation | |
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Calculating Standard Deviation for a Sample | |
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Summary | |
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Problems to Solve | |
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Key Words | |
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The Normal Curve and Sampling Error | |
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Z Scores | |
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Standard Scores | |
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Predicting Population Parameters Using Statistical Inference | |
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Estimating Sampling Error | |
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Levels of Confidence and Probability of Error | |
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Calculating Skewness and Kurtosis | |
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Summary | |
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Problems to Solve | |
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Key Words | |
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Correlation, Bivariate Regression, and Multiple Regression | |
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Correlation | |
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Calculating the Correlation Coefficient | |
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Bivariate Regression | |
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Multiple Regression | |
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Summary | |
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Problems to Solve | |
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Key Words | |
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The t Test: Comparing Means From Two Sets of Data | |
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t Tests | |
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Assumptions for the t Test | |
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Comparing Two Independent Samples (A Between Comparison) | |
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Repeated Measures Design (A Within Comparison) | |
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The Magnitude of the Difference (Size of Effect) | |
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Type I and Type II Errors | |
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Two- and One-Tailed Tests | |
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Determining Power and Sample Size | |
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The t Test for Proportions | |
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Summary | |
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Problems to Solve | |
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Key Words | |
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Simple Analysis of Variance: Comparing the Means Among Three or More Sets of Data | |
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Assumptions in ANOVA | |
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Sources of Variance | |
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Calculating F | |
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Determining the Significance of F | |
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Post Hoc Tests | |
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The Magnitude of the Treatment (Size of Effect) | |
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Summary | |
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Problems to Solve | |
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Key Words | |
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Analysis of Variance With Repeated Measures | |
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Assumptions in Repeated Measures ANOVA | |
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Calculating Repeated Measures ANOVA | |
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Correcting for Violations of the Assumption of Sphericity | |
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Post Hoc Tests | |
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Interpreting the Results | |
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Intraclass Reliability | |
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Summary | |
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Problems to Solve | |
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Key Words | |
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Factorial Analysis of Variance | |
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A Between-Between Example | |
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A Between-Within Example | |
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A Within-Within Example | |
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Summary | |
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Key Words | |
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Advanced Statistical Procedures | |
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Analysis of Covariance | |
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Multiple Analysis of Variance | |
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Factor Analysis | |
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Discriminant Analysis | |
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Summary | |
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Key Words | |
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Analysis of Nonparametric Data | |
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Chi-Square (Single Classification) | |
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Chi-Square (Two or More Classifications) | |
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Rank Order Correlation | |
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Mann-Whitney U Test | |
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Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA for Ranked Data | |
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Friedman's Two-Way ANOVA by Ranks | |
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Summary | |
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Problems to Solve | |
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Key Words | |
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Statistical Tables | |
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Raw Data | |
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Answers to Problems | |
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Glossary | |
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References | |
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Index | |
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About the Author | |