| |
| |
| Evolve Resources (web contents) | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgements | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Biography | |
| |
| |
| |
| Contributors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic sciences | |
| |
| |
| Anatomy | |
| |
| |
| Physiology | |
| |
| |
| Motor control | |
| |
| |
| Biomechanics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Normal gait | |
| |
| |
| Walking and gait | |
| |
| |
| History | |
| |
| |
| Terminology used in gait analysis | |
| |
| |
| Outline of the gait cycle | |
| |
| |
| The gait cycle in detail | |
| |
| |
| Ground reaction forces | |
| |
| |
| Support moment | |
| |
| |
| Energy consumption | |
| |
| |
| Optimisation of energy usage | |
| |
| |
| Starting and stopping | |
| |
| |
| Other varieties of gait | |
| |
| |
| Changes in gait with age | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pathological and other abnormal gaits | |
| |
| |
| Specific gait abnormalities | |
| |
| |
| Walking aids | |
| |
| |
| Treadmill gait | |
| |
| |
| |
| Methods of gait analysis | |
| |
| |
| Visual gait analysis | |
| |
| |
| Temporal and spatial parameters during gait | |
| |
| |
| Measurement of temporal and spatial parameters during gait | |
| |
| |
| Camera-based motion analysis | |
| |
| |
| Active marker systems | |
| |
| |
| Electrogoniometers and potentiometer devices | |
| |
| |
| Accelerometers | |
| |
| |
| Gyroscopes, magnetic fields and motion capture suits | |
| |
| |
| Measuring force and pressure | |
| |
| |
| Pressure beneath the foot | |
| |
| |
| Measuring muscle activity | |
| |
| |
| Measuring energy expenditure | |
| |
| |
| Combined kinetic/kinematic systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Applications of gait analysis | |
| |
| |
| Clinical gait assessment | |
| |
| |
| Conditions benefiting from gait assessment | |
| |
| |
| Future developments | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gait assessment of neurological disorders | |
| |
| |
| Gait assessment in cerebral palsy | |
| |
| |
| Definition, causes and prevalence | |
| |
| |
| Classification | |
| |
| |
| Impairments | |
| |
| |
| Clinical management | |
| |
| |
| Gait analysis | |
| |
| |
| Gait analysis | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Key points | |
| |
| |
| Gait assessment in stroke | |
| |
| |
| Temporal and spatial parameters | |
| |
| |
| Kinematics | |
| |
| |
| Kinetics | |
| |
| |
| Clinical management | |
| |
| |
| Key points | |
| |
| |
| Gait assessment in Parkinson's disease | |
| |
| |
| Clinical management | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Key points | |
| |
| |
| Gait assessment in muscular dystrophy | |
| |
| |
| Clinical management | |
| |
| |
| Key points | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gait analysis in musculoskeletal conditions, prosthetics and orthotics | |
| |
| |
| Total hip replacement | |
| |
| |
| Spatiotemporal factors | |
| |
| |
| Kinematics | |
| |
| |
| Kinetics | |
| |
| |
| Additional clinical relevance | |
| |
| |
| Key points | |
| |
| |
| Gait analysis in knee osteoarthritis | |
| |
| |
| Surgical management | |
| |
| |
| Total knee arthroplasty | |
| |
| |
| Kinematics | |
| |
| |
| Kinetics | |
| |
| |
| Additional clinical relevance | |
| |
| |
| High tibial osteotomy | |
| |
| |
| Conservative management of knee osteoarthritis | |
| |
| |
| Key points | |
| |
| |
| Prosthetics and orthotics | |
| |
| |
| Amputee gait | |
| |
| |
| Temporal-spatial parameters | |
| |
| |
| Kinematics | |
| |
| |
| Kinetics | |
| |
| |
| Key points | |
| |
| |
| Orthotic management | |
| |
| |
| Knee ankle foot orthoses | |
| |
| |
| Foot orthoses | |
| |
| |
| Key points | |
| |
| |
| Index | |