| |
| |
| List of Figures | |
| |
| |
| List of Tables | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Economic Inequality, Income Bias, and Turnout | |
| |
| |
| |
| Policy Choices and Turnout | |
| |
| |
| |
| Economic Inequality and Voting Inequality | |
| |
| |
| |
| Voter Turnout and Election Laws | |
| |
| |
| |
| Data and Chapter Outline | |
| |
| |
| |
| Demographics of Turnout | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measuring Voter Turnout | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measuring Socioeconomic Status | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measuring Race and Ethnicity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Demographics of Turnout, 1972-2008 (CPS) | |
| |
| |
| |
| A More or Less Representative Voting Population? | |
| |
| |
| |
| More or Less Income Bias? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Representation: Of the Eligible or the Available? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Current Population Survey: Sample and Variable Details | |
| |
| |
| |
| Additional Data on the Representativeness of Voters, 1972-2008 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Theoretical Framework and Models | |
| |
| |
| |
| Costs, Benefits, and Demographics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Model Specification | |
| |
| |
| |
| Education and Income | |
| |
| |
| |
| Race and Ethnicity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Age | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gender and Marital Status | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Estimation Results for the Demographic Models of Voter Turnout | |
| |
| |
| |
| Additional First Differences for Income | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Legal Context of Turnout | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electoral Innovation in the United States | |
| |
| |
| |
| Previous Research on Electoral Rules and Turnout | |
| |
| |
| |
| Research Design and the Search for Effects | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Effects of Electoral Reforms: Difference-in-Difference Estimates | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cross-Sectional Time Series Analysis of Aggregate Turnout | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Voter Registration and Election Law Data Set | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sources of State-Level Turnout and Demographic Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Policy Choices and Turnout | |
| |
| |
| |
| Policy Choices and the Costs and Benefits of Voting | |
| |
| |
| |
| Policy Choices: Conceptualization and Measurement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Perceived Policy Choices, 1972-2008 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Multivariable Analysis: Perceived Policy Alienation and Perceived Policy Difference | |
| |
| |
| |
| Perceived Policy Difference and Perceived Policy Alienation across Income Groups | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comparing Alternative Measures of Alienation and Indifference | |
| |
| |
| |
| On the Representativeness of Voters | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Conventional Wisdom | |
| |
| |
| |
| Political Differences between Voters and Nonvoters: 1972 and 2008 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Who Votes Matters: Policy Differences between Voters and Nonvoters | |
| |
| |
| |
| A More Detailed Look at Preferences: 2004 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Survey Question Wording | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Politics of Candidate Choices and Policy Choices | |
| |
| |
| |
| Turnout and Institutions | |
| |
| |
| |
| On Turnout and Political Inequality | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Index | |