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Preface | |
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Introduction | |
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Exoplanets from Afar | |
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Two Paths to Observing Exoplanet Atmospheres | |
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Types of Planets | |
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Intensity and Flux | |
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Introduction | |
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Intensity | |
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Flux and Other Intensity Moments | |
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Surface Flux | |
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Observed Flux | |
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Luminosity and Outgoing Energy | |
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Incident Flux and Incident Energy | |
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Black Body Intensity and Black Body Flux | |
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Lambert Surface | |
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Summary | |
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Temperature, Albedos, and Flux Ratios | |
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Introduction | |
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Energy Balance | |
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Planetary Temperatures | |
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Planetary Albedos | |
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Planet-Star Flux Ratios | |
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Planetary Phase Curves | |
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Summary | |
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Composition of a Planetary Atmosphere | |
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Introduction | |
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Composition of Earth's and Jupiter's Atmospheres | |
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Chemical Composition | |
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Basic Cloud Physics | |
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Atmospheric Escape | |
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Atmospheric Evolution | |
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Summary | |
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Radiative Transfer I: Fundamentals | |
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Introduction | |
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Opacity | |
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Optical Depth | |
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Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium | |
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The Source Function | |
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The Equation of Radiative Transfer | |
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Summary | |
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Radiative Transfer II: Solutions | |
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Introduction | |
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A Conceptual Description of the Emergent Spectrum | |
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An Introduction to Line Formation | |
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Approximate Solutions to the Plane-Parallel Radiative Transfer Equation | |
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Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer | |
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Summary | |
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Polarization | |
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Introduction | |
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Description of Polarized Radiation | |
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Polarization Calculations | |
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Polarization from Planets | |
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Summary | |
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Opacities | |
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Introduction | |
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Energy Levels in Atoms and Molecules | |
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Molecular Absorption Cross Sections | |
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Rayleigh Scattering | |
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Condensate Opacities | |
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Summary | |
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Vertical Thermal Structure of a Planetary Atmosphere | |
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Introduction | |
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Earth's Vertical Atmospheric Structure | |
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Hydrostatic Equilibrium and the Pressure Scale Height | |
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Surface Temperature for a Simplified Atmosphere | |
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Convection versus Radiation | |
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The Radiative Equilibrium Temperature Profile | |
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The Adiabatic Temperature Profile | |
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The One-Dimensional Temperature-Pressure Profile | |
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Temperature Retrieval | |
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Summary | |
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Atmospheric Circulation | |
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Introduction | |
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Radiative and Advective Timescales | |
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Large-Scale Flow and Patterns | |
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Atmospheric Dynamics Equations | |
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Connection to Observations | |
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Summary | |
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Atmospheric Biosignatures | |
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Introduction | |
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Earth's Biosignatures | |
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The Ideal Biosignatures Gas | |
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Prospects | |
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Summary | |
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Planetary Data | |
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Index | |