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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Exoplanets from Afar | |
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| Two Paths to Observing Exoplanet Atmospheres | |
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| Types of Planets | |
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| Intensity and Flux | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Intensity | |
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| Flux and Other Intensity Moments | |
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| Surface Flux | |
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| Observed Flux | |
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| Luminosity and Outgoing Energy | |
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| Incident Flux and Incident Energy | |
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| Black Body Intensity and Black Body Flux | |
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| Lambert Surface | |
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| Summary | |
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| Temperature, Albedos, and Flux Ratios | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Energy Balance | |
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| Planetary Temperatures | |
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| Planetary Albedos | |
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| Planet-Star Flux Ratios | |
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| Planetary Phase Curves | |
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| Summary | |
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| Composition of a Planetary Atmosphere | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Composition of Earth's and Jupiter's Atmospheres | |
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| Chemical Composition | |
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| Basic Cloud Physics | |
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| Atmospheric Escape | |
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| Atmospheric Evolution | |
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| Summary | |
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| Radiative Transfer I: Fundamentals | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Opacity | |
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| Optical Depth | |
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| Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium | |
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| The Source Function | |
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| The Equation of Radiative Transfer | |
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| Summary | |
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| Radiative Transfer II: Solutions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| A Conceptual Description of the Emergent Spectrum | |
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| An Introduction to Line Formation | |
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| Approximate Solutions to the Plane-Parallel Radiative Transfer Equation | |
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| Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer | |
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| Summary | |
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| Polarization | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Description of Polarized Radiation | |
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| Polarization Calculations | |
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| Polarization from Planets | |
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| Summary | |
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| Opacities | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Energy Levels in Atoms and Molecules | |
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| Molecular Absorption Cross Sections | |
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| Rayleigh Scattering | |
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| Condensate Opacities | |
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| Summary | |
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| Vertical Thermal Structure of a Planetary Atmosphere | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Earth's Vertical Atmospheric Structure | |
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| Hydrostatic Equilibrium and the Pressure Scale Height | |
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| Surface Temperature for a Simplified Atmosphere | |
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| Convection versus Radiation | |
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| The Radiative Equilibrium Temperature Profile | |
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| The Adiabatic Temperature Profile | |
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| The One-Dimensional Temperature-Pressure Profile | |
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| Temperature Retrieval | |
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| Summary | |
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| Atmospheric Circulation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Radiative and Advective Timescales | |
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| Large-Scale Flow and Patterns | |
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| Atmospheric Dynamics Equations | |
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| Connection to Observations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Atmospheric Biosignatures | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Earth's Biosignatures | |
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| The Ideal Biosignatures Gas | |
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| Prospects | |
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| Summary | |
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| Planetary Data | |
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| Index | |