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| List of Illustrations | |
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| Preface and Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction Toward a Cultural History of American Biology | |
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| Naturalist and National Development in the Nineteenth Century | |
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| Natural History and Manifest Destiny, 1800-1865 | |
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| Lewis to Barton to Pursh: The Lack of Teamwork among American Naturalists | |
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| Nature in the Early Republic | |
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| The Education of John Torrey | |
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| Asa Gray, American Botanical Entrepreneur | |
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| Gray, Agassiz, and the Impending Crisis | |
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| Darwin and the Union's Struggle for Existence | |
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| Culturing Fish, Culturing People: Federal Naturalists in the Gilded Age, 1865-1893 | |
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| The Struggles of Spencer Baird | |
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| A Golden Age in the Gilded Age | |
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| A Scientific Community | |
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| Guiding National Development | |
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| Evolutionary Culture | |
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| Conflicting Visions of American Ecological Independence | |
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| The Beauty and Menace of the Japanese Cherry Trees | |
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| America's Ecological Open Door | |
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| The Beginnings of a Federal Response to Pests | |
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| Ecological Cosmopolitanism in the Bureau of Plant Industry | |
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| The Return of the Nativists | |
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| Ecological Independence and Immigration Restriction | |
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| Specialization and Organization Prologue | |
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| Whitman's American Biology | |
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| Life Science Initiatives in the Late Nineteenth Century | |
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| The Eclipse of the Federal Naturalists | |
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| From Agassiz to Burbank: A Cross-Country Tour | |
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| Academic Biology: Searching for Order in Life | |
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| American Naturalists | |
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| A Scientific Confederacy | |
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| Medical Reform, Universities, and Urban Life | |
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| Whitman and Chicago | |
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| Challenges to University Biology | |
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| A Place of Their Own: The Significance of Woods Hole | |
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| Summer Colonies | |
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| Summering Scientists | |
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| The Development of Woods Hole | |
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| Whitman's Desires | |
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| The Biological Community | |
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| Woods Hole and American Biology | |
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| Neglecting American Life | |
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| The Age of Biology Prologue | |
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| A View from the Heights | |
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| The Development of High School Biology | |
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| Life in Hell's Kitchen | |
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| Biology Education and Mental Development | |
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| Pedagogical Problems | |
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| Producing Modern Americans | |
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| Big Questions | |
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| Why the Scopes Trial Mattered | |
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| The Rough Rider, and Other Spokesmen for Science | |
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| Academic Biologists Address the Public | |
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| William Emerson Ritter and the Glory of life | |
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| Good Breeding in Modern America | |
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| The Imperfect Amalgamation of Eugenics and Biology | |
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| Charles B. Davenport and the Difficullty of Eugenic Research | |
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| Solving the Problems of Sex | |
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| Alfred Kinsey's America | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Notes | |
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| Index | |