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| Preface xi | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Chemical Composition of the Ocean | |
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| Distribution of Chemicals in the Ocean | |
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| Chapter Conclusion and Outline of Book 15 | |
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| Problems | |
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| Tracer Conservation and Ocean Transport | |
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| Tracer Conservation Equation | |
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| Advection and Diffusion Components | |
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| Application to Box Models | |
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| Wind-Driven Circulation | |
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| Equations of Motion | |
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| Ekman Transport | |
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| Gyre Circulation | |
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| Wind-Driven Circulation in the Stratified Ocean | |
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| Basic Concepts | |
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| Ocean Stratification | |
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| Geostrophic Equations | |
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| Gyre Circulation with Stratification | |
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| Insights from the Potential Vorticity Distribution | |
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| Insights from Tracers | |
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| Insights from the Thermal Wind Relationship | |
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| Deep Ocean Circulation | |
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| Observations | |
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| Models | |
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| Summary of Deep Ocean Circulation | |
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| Time-Varying Flows | |
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| Mesoscale Variability | |
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| Interannual to Decadal Variability | |
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| Tropical Variability | |
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| Extratropical Variability | |
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| Problems | |
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| Air-Sea Interface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Gas Solubilities | |
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| Gas Exchange | |
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| Stagnant Film Model | |
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| Laboratory Studies | |
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| Field Studies | |
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| Gas Transfer Velocity Models | |
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| Applications | |
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| Problems | |
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| Organic Matter Production | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Nutrient Supply | |
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| Light | |
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| Efficiency of the Biological Pump | |
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| Outline | |
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| Ecosystem Processes | |
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| Nutrients | |
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| Composition of Organic Matter | |
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| Limiting Nutrient | |
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| Paradigm of Surface Ocean Nitrogen Cycling | |
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| Phytoplankton | |
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| Classification of Organisms | |
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| Phytoplankton Distribution and Productivity | |
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| Modeling Photosynthesis | |
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| Zooplankton | |
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| Bacteria | |
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| Analysis of Ecosystem Behavior | |
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| Role of Light Supply | |
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| Classical Ecosystem Models | |
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| N-P Model--Bottom-up Limitation | |
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| N-P-Z Model--Top-Down Limitation | |
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| Adding the Microbial Loop | |
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| Multiple Size Class Ecosystem Models | |
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| The Model | |
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| Influence of Micronutrients | |
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| Applications | |
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| North Pacific versus North Atlantic | |
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| Oligotrophic Region | |
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| A Synthesis | |
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| The Regeneration Loop | |
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| The Export Pathway | |
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| The Role of Iron | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Organic Matter Export and Remineralization | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Nutrient and Oxygen Distributions | |
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| Remineralizaton Reactions | |
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| Preformed and Remineralized Components | |
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| Dissolved and Particulate Organic Matter | |
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| Outline | |
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| Oxygen | |
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| Separation of Preformed and Remineralized Components | |
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| Deep Ocean Oxygen Utilization Rates | |
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| Thermocline Oxygen Utilization Rates | |
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| Nitrogen and Phosphorus | |
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| Stoichiometric Ratios | |
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| Phosphate | |
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| The Nitrogen Cycle | |
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| N* as a Tracer of Denitrification | |
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| N* as a Tracer of N2 Fixation | |
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| The Oceanic Nitrogen Budget | |
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| Nitrous Oxide | |
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| Organic Matter Cycling | |
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| Particulate Organic Matter | |
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| Overview | |
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| Particle Flux | |
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| The Role of Ballast | |
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| Particle Remineralization | |
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| Models of Particle Interactions | |
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| Dissolved Organic Matter | |
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| Models | |
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| Model Development | |
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| Sensitivity Studies | |
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| Applications: Control of Oceanic Oxygen | |
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| Problems | |
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| Remineralization and Burial in the Sediments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Observations | |
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| Sediment Properties and Processes | |
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| Remineralization Reactions | |
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| Sediment Diagenesis Models | |
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| Pore Waters | |
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| Solids | |
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| Remineralization | |
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| Oxic Sediments | |
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| Anoxic Sediments | |
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| Dissolved Organic Carbon | |
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| Burial | |
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| The Substrate | |
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| The Oxidant | |
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| Protection by Mineral Adsorption | |
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| Synthesis | |
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| Organic Matter Budget | |
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| Problems | |
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| Silicate Cycle | |
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| Int | |