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| Introduction to Subluxation Theories | |
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| General Introduction | |
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| The Science of Chiropractic | |
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| How Important Are Theories to a Health-Care Profession's Development? | |
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| The Theories of Chiropractors | |
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| Summary | |
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| History of the Chiropractic Theories | |
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| Manipulation Before Chiropractic | |
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| D. D. Palmer and the Revival of Spinal Manipulation | |
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| The First Decades: Dissent, Jail, and Division | |
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| The Middle to Late Twentieth Century: Education and Research of New Ideas | |
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| Summary | |
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| Chiropractic Terminology | |
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| Traditional Definitions of the Manipulable Lesion | |
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| Acc Consensus and Paradigm | |
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| Summary | |
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| Philosophy: Foundation for Theory Development | |
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| Principles of Philosophy | |
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| Philosophy and Chiropractic: Divisions in the Profession | |
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| The Significance of a Unified Philosophy of Chiropractic | |
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| Summary | |
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| Introduction to Chiropractic Research Principles | |
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| Principles of Measurement, Research, and Statistics | |
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| What is Research? | |
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| Principles and Methods of Statistics | |
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| Beyond Descriptive Statistics | |
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| Inferential Statistics | |
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| Minimum Standards for Chiropractic Research | |
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| Summary | |
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| Strategy for Validation of Subluxation Theories: Proposed Minimum Process | |
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| Why A Validation Process? | |
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| Proposed Minimum Process for Theory Validation | |
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| Until Validation: Theory, Practice, and a Research Agenda | |
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| Summary | |
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| Chiropractic Research and the Scientist Practitioner Model | |
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| Attitudes and Actions: Moving in a New Direction | |
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| Key Elements of Scientific Inquiry | |
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| Summary | |
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| Experimental and Clinical Evidence of the Subluxation Complex Model | |
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| Inflammation Hypothesis | |
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| Acute Inflammatory Response | |
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| Discussion: Inflammation and the Arthritides | |
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| Summary | |
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| Segmental Dysfunction Hypothesis: Joint and Muscle Pathology and Facilitation | |
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| Early Evidence of Fixation | |
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| Myopathology as a Precursor to Facilitation | |
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| Experimental Evidence for Facet Joint Dysfunction | |
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| Neurobiologic Models of Segmental Dysfunction | |
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| Physiology and Physics of Synovial Joint Adjustment | |
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| Measures of Spinal Dysfunction: Validity and Reliability Issues | |
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| Segmental or Regional Dysfunction? | |
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| Discussion: SDF, the First Phase of VSC | |
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| Summary | |
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| Instability Hypothesis | |
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| Spinography and Imaging in Chiropractic | |
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| Causes of Intervertebral Subluxation | |
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| Subluxation and Instability: VSC Phase 2 | |
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| Discussion: The Second Phase of VSC | |
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| Summary | |
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| Immobilization Degeneration Hypothesis | |
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| Experimental Evidence for Degeneration | |
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| Anatomic Considerations in Degeneration of the Zygapophyses and Intervertebral Discs | |
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| Stabilization: The Final Phase of the Spinal Lesion | |
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| Discussion: The Third Phase of VSC | |
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| Summary | |
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| Neuropathology Hypothesis | |
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| The Pinched Nerve Theory? | |
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| Nerve Blood Flow and Neurologic Dysfunction--A Biologic Problem? | |
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| Clinical Considerations | |
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| Discussion: Neuropathology and Beyond: Influence of Nonpainful Lesions on Viscera? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Somatoautonomic Reflex Hypothesis | |
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| Modulation of Spinal Reflexes | |
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| Somatoautonomic Dysfunction | |
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| CMT and Neurologic Disorders | |
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| CMT and Organic Disorders | |
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| Discussion: "Somatic Visceral Disease Mimicry" and Somatoautonomic Reflexes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Myelopathy Hypothesis | |
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| Historical Chiropractic Concepts of Myelopathy | |
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| Subluxations in the Medical Literature | |
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| Experimental Studies | |
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| Cervical Subluxation and Sudden Infant Death | |
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| Clinical Aspects of Myelopathy | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Summary | |
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| Hypothesis of Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency | |
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| Characteristics of VBI | |
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| Chiropractic Clinical Considerations | |
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| Cerebrovascular Accidents Associated with Adjustments | |
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| Ethics, Informed Consent, and the Risk-Benefit Ratio | |
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| Summary | |
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| Neuroimmune Hypothesis | |
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| Traditional Theories of Immunity | |
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| Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome | |
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| Neuroendocrine-Immune Connection | |
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| Mechanism of Reflex Immunologic Competence | |
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| Hypothalamus and Immunity | |
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| Spinal Lesions and Immunity | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Summary | |
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| Clinical Aspects of Chiropractic Theory: Manipulative Effectiveness for Musculoskeletal Syndromes, Lesions, and Undifferentiated Disorders | |
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| Manipulative Effectiveness for Musculoskeletal Syndromes and Lesions | |
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| Manipulative Effectiveness for Undifferentiated Musculoskeletal Disorders | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Summary | |
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| Axoplasmic Aberration Hypothesis | |
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| Unifying Transport Mechanism | |
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| Anterograde and Retrograde Axt | |
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| Nerve Compression and AXT | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Summary | |
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| Alternative Approaches to Chiropractic Theory | |
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| Wellness Hypothesis | |
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| Why Wellness? | |
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| A Wellness Model for Chiropractic | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Summary | |
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| Social Theory of Chiropractic | |
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| Foundations | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Theoretical Models | |
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| Chiropractic's Role in Society | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Future of Chiropractic Research | |
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| Disproved and Untested Hypotheses | |
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| Is There Experimental and Clinical Support for VSC? | |
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| Untested Hypotheses | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Summary | |
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| New Questions: Promising Areas for Future Research | |
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| ACC: Chiropractic Philosophy and Mission | |
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| Chiropractic Basic Science Research | |
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| Chiropractic Clinical Investigations | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Summary | |
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| Index | |