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| An Introduction to Argument | |
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| An Extended Definition | |
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| The Classes of Argument | |
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| Argument through Image | |
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| The Argument Process | |
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| Reading Arguments Conclusion | |
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| Where Writing Begins: Motives and Audience Motives for Writing | |
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| The Importance of Audience | |
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| The Claim How Claims Work Classifying your Claim | |
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| An Argument's Support | |
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| Some Varieties of Support | |
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| Supporting your Argument | |
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| Visually Arranging your Argument's | |
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| Support Definitions | |
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| Making Reasonable Arguments: Formal and Informal Logic Formal Logic | |
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| The Toulmin Model: A Modern Variant of Formal Logic Informal Fallacies | |
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| Arguing Fact What Is a Fact? | |
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| Supporting Facts Reported by Primary and Secondary Sources | |
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| Supporting Personally Experienced Facts | |
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| Supporting Factual Generalizations Statistics | |
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| Two Sample Factual Arguments | |
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| Arguing Cause | |
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| Determining Cause | |
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| Distinguishing Among Sufficient Causes | |
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| Causal Chains | |
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| Contributing Factors | |
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| Supporting Causal Claims | |
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| Arguing Effects | |
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| Two Sample Causal Arguments | |
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| Arguing Evaluations | |
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| Evaluative Subjects and Terms | |
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| Establishing the Definition of the Evaluative Term | |
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| Arguing the Evaluation | |
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| Further Methods of Supporting Evaluations | |
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| The Varieties of Evaluations | |
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| Sample Ethical Evaluation | |
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| Sample Interpretation | |
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| Arguing Recommendations | |
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| Audience Needs and Values Recommendations | |
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| Emphasizing the Present Recommendations | |
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| Emphasizing the Future Recommendations that Consider Present and Future | |
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| Two Sample Recommendations | |
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| Writing and Image | |
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| The Role of Voice | |
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| The Virtues and Limitations of Plain | |
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| Writing Figures of Speech | |
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| Connotative Language and Slanting | |
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| The Music of Language | |
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| Introductions and Conclusions | |
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| Introductions | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Summaries | |
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| Revising Writing a First Draft, Revising, and Editing | |
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| Some Suggestions for Successful Revising | |
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| An Example of Revision | |
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| Credits | |
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| Index | |