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An Introduction to Argument | |
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An Extended Definition | |
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The Classes of Argument | |
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Argument through Image | |
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The Argument Process | |
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Reading Arguments Conclusion | |
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Where Writing Begins: Motives and Audience Motives for Writing | |
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The Importance of Audience | |
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The Claim How Claims Work Classifying your Claim | |
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An Argument's Support | |
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Some Varieties of Support | |
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Supporting your Argument | |
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Visually Arranging your Argument's | |
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Support Definitions | |
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Making Reasonable Arguments: Formal and Informal Logic Formal Logic | |
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The Toulmin Model: A Modern Variant of Formal Logic Informal Fallacies | |
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Arguing Fact What Is a Fact? | |
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Supporting Facts Reported by Primary and Secondary Sources | |
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Supporting Personally Experienced Facts | |
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Supporting Factual Generalizations Statistics | |
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Two Sample Factual Arguments | |
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Arguing Cause | |
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Determining Cause | |
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Distinguishing Among Sufficient Causes | |
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Causal Chains | |
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Contributing Factors | |
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Supporting Causal Claims | |
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Arguing Effects | |
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Two Sample Causal Arguments | |
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Arguing Evaluations | |
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Evaluative Subjects and Terms | |
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Establishing the Definition of the Evaluative Term | |
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Arguing the Evaluation | |
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Further Methods of Supporting Evaluations | |
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The Varieties of Evaluations | |
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Sample Ethical Evaluation | |
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Sample Interpretation | |
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Arguing Recommendations | |
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Audience Needs and Values Recommendations | |
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Emphasizing the Present Recommendations | |
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Emphasizing the Future Recommendations that Consider Present and Future | |
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Two Sample Recommendations | |
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Writing and Image | |
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The Role of Voice | |
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The Virtues and Limitations of Plain | |
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Writing Figures of Speech | |
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Connotative Language and Slanting | |
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The Music of Language | |
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Introductions and Conclusions | |
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Introductions | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summaries | |
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Revising Writing a First Draft, Revising, and Editing | |
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Some Suggestions for Successful Revising | |
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An Example of Revision | |
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Credits | |
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Index | |