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| Abbreviations | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Principles and Methods of Investigating the History of Ancient Israel | |
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| Aims | |
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| Concepts and Complications: The Question of Sources and Methods | |
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| The Place of the Social Sciences | |
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| The Longue Duree | |
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| Using Archaeology as a Source | |
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| General Comments | |
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| Terminology of Archaeological Periods | |
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| Use of Survey Data | |
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| The Debate over the 'Low Chronology' | |
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| The Stratigraphy of Samaria | |
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| Reinterpretation of the Jochan Seal | |
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| Problems with Forgeries | |
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| Ethnicity | |
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| Ideology and Neo-Fundamentalism | |
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| 'Maximalists', 'Minimalists' and the ad hominem Argument | |
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| The Contemporary Practice of Writing Israel's History | |
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| Developments in General Historiography | |
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| Forty Years of Debate Among Biblical Scholars | |
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| Principles of Historical Method Used in this Book | |
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| Historical Investigations | |
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| Second Millennium: Middle and Late Bronze Ages (2000-1300 BCE) | |
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| Sources | |
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| Archaeology | |
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| Egyptian Texts | |
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| Execration Texts | |
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| Amarna Letters | |
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| The Story of Sinuhe | |
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| Ugaritic Texts | |
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| Mesopotamian Texts | |
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| Biblical Text | |
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| Analysis | |
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| Peoples/Ethnic and Social Groups | |
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| Hyksos | |
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| Amorites (Amurru) | |
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| 'Apiru/Haberu | |
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| Shasu (Shosu, S3sw, Sutu) | |
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| Canaanites | |
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| Question of the Patriarchs | |
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| Synthesis | |
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| First Part of the Second Millennium (ca. 2000-1600/1500 BCE) | |
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| Egypt | |
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| Old Assyrian Period (ca. 2000-1750) | |
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| Old Babylonian Period (ca. 2000-1600) | |
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| Hittites | |
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| Northern Syria | |
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| Second Part of the Second Millennium (ca. 1600/1500-1200 BCE) | |
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| Egypt | |
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| Mesopotamia | |
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| Hittite Empire (ca. 1400-1200) | |
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| Mitanni Kingdom (ca. 1600-1350) | |
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| Ugarit | |
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| Palestine | |
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| Late Bronze II to Iron IIA (ca. 1300-900 BCE): From Settlement to Statehood | |
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| Sources | |
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| Archaeology | |
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| Analysis | |
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| Merneptah Stela | |
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| Medinet Habu and Related Inscriptions | |
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| Report of Wenamun | |
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| Shoshenq I's Palestinian Inscription | |
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| Biblical Text | |
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| Pentateuch | |
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| Deuteronomistic History (DtrH) | |
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| Analysis | |
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| The Question of the Exodus | |
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| The Sea Peoples and the Philistines | |
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| Transjordan | |
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| From Settlement to Statehood | |
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| Joshua and Judges | |
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| The Settlement: Recent Models in Biblical Studies | |
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| 'Tribes' and 'Nomads' | |
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| Anthropological Models of Statehood | |
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| The Saul, David and Solomon Traditions | |
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| Writing, Literacy and Bureaucracy | |
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| Synthesis | |
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| Iron IIB (900-720 BCE): Rise and Fall of the Northern Kingdom | |
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| Sources | |
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| Archaeology | |
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| Hebrew Inscriptions | |
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| Aramaic Inscriptions | |
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| Tel Dan | |
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| Melqart Inscription | |
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| Zakkur Inscription | |
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| Mesha Stela | |
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| Assyrian Sources | |
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| Phoenician History of Menander of Ephesus | |
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| Biblical Text | |
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| 1 Kings 16.15-2 Kings 17.41 (2 Chronicles 18-28): Outline of the Contents | |
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| Analysis | |
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| Analysis | |
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| Ahab | |
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| Israel and Moab | |
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| The Aramaeans | |
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| Fall of Samaria | |
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| Development of Religion | |
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| The God Yhwh | |
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| Other Deities and Worship | |
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| Temple Religion versus 'Popular'/'Folk'/'Family' Religion | |
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| Development of Monotheism | |
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| Synthesis | |
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| Biblical Data Confirmed | |
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| Biblical Data not Confirmed, though They may be Correct | |
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| Biblical Picture Incorrect | |
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| Biblical Picture Omits/has Gaps | |
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| Iron IIC (720-539 BCE): Peak and Decline of Judah | |
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| Sources | |
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| Archaeology | |
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| Conclusions with Regard to Archaeology | |
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| Palestinian Inscriptions | |
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| The Adon Papyrus | |
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| Mesad Hashavyahu | |
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| Arad Ostraca | |
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| Lachish Letters | |
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| The Ashyahu Ostracon | |
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| Seals and Bullae | |
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| Assyrian Sources | |
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| Sargon II (721-705 BCE) | |
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| Sennacherib (705-681 BCE) | |
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| Esarhaddon (681-669 BCE) | |
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| Ashurbanipal (669-627 BCE) | |
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| Babylonian Sources | |
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| Nabopolassar (626-605 BCE) | |
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| Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562 BCE) | |
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| Jehoiachin Documents | |
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| Texts from al-Yahudu and Nasar | |
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| Egyptian Source: Psammetichus Inscription | |
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| The Biblical Story: 2 Kings 21-25 and Parallels | |
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| 2 Kings//2 Chronicles | |
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| Jeremiah | |
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| Ezekiel | |
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| Ezra | |
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| Daniel | |
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| Analysis of the Text | |
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| Analysis | |
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| Hezekiah | |
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| Manasseh | |
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| Amon | |
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| Josiah | |
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| Jehoahaz | |
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| Jehoiakim | |
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| Jehoiachin | |
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| Zedekiah | |
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| The Case of Jeremiah | |
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| The Case of Nebuchadnezzar | |
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| The 'Exile' | |
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| Synthesis | |
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| Biblical Data Confirmed | |
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| Biblical Data not Confirmed, though They may be Correct | |
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| Biblical Picture is Most Likely Incorrect | |
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| Biblical Picture Omits/has Gaps | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| 'The End of the Matter': What Can We Say about Israelite and Judahite History? | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index of References | |
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| Index of Subjects | |
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| Index of Modern Authors | |