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Introduction to Basic Laboratory Techniques | |
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Solubility | |
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Crystallization | |
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Extraction | |
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Chromatography | |
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Simple and Fractional Distillation | |
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Infrared Spectroscopy and Boiling-Point Determination | |
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Essay: Aspirin | |
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Acetylsalicylic Acid | |
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Essay: Analgesics | |
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Acetanilide | |
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Acetaminophen | |
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Essay: Identification of Drugs | |
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TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs | |
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Essay: Caffeine | |
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Isolation of Caffeine | |
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Experiment | |
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Isolation of Caffeine from Tea Leaves | |
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Experiment | |
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Isolation of Caffeine from a Tea Bag | |
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Essay: Esters -- Flavors and Fragrances | |
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Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil) | |
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Methyl Salicylate (Oil of Wintergreen) | |
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Essay: Terpenes and Phenylpropanoids | |
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Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves | |
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Essay: Stereochemical Theory of Odor | |
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Spearmint and Caraway Oil: (+)- and (-)- Carvones | |
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Essay: The Chemistry of Vision | |
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Isolation of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Pigments from Spinach | |
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Essay: Ethanol and Fermentation Chemistry | |
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Ethanol from Sucrose | |
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Introduction to Molecular Modeling | |
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Essay: Molecular Modeling and Molecular Mechanics | |
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An Introduction to Molecular Modeling | |
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The Conformations of n-Butane: Local Minima | |
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Cyclohexane Chair and Boat Conformations | |
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Substituted Cyclohexane Rings | |
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cis- and trans-2-Butene | |
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Essay: Computational Chemistry -- Ab initio and Semiempirical Methods | |
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Computational Chemistry | |
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Heats of Formation: Isomerism, Tautomerism, and Regioselectivity | |
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Heats of Reactions: SN1 Reaction Rates | |
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Density-Electrostatic Potential | |
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Maps -- Acidities of Carboxylic Acids | |
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Density -- Electrostatic Potential Maps: Carbocations | |
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Density -- LUMO Maps: Reactivities of Carbonyl Groups | |
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Properties and Reactions of Organic Compounds | |
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Reactivities of Some Alkyl Halides | |
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Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions: Competing Nucleophiles | |
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Competing Nucleophiles with 1-Butanol or 2-Butanol | |
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Competing Nucleophiles with 2-Methyl-2-Propanol | |
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Analysis | |
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Hydrolysis of Some Alkyl Chlorides | |
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Synthesis of n-Butyl Bromide and t-Pentyl Chloride | |
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n-Butyl Bromide | |
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t-Pentyl Chloride | |
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4-Methylcyclohexene | |
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Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Addition of Dichlorocarbene to Cyclohexene Essay: Fats and Oils | |
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Methyl Stearate from Methyl Oleate | |
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Essay: Soaps and Detergents | |
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Preparation of Soap | |
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Preparation of a Detergent | |
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Essay: Petroleum and Fossil Fuels | |
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Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Gasolines | |
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Essay: Detection of Alcohol: The Breathalyzer | |
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Chromic Acid Oxidation of Alcohols | |
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Chromic Acid Oxidation of Alcohols -- Visible Spectrophotometer Method | |
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Chromic Acid Oxidation of Alcohols -- UV-VIS Spectrophotometer Method | |
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Essay: Green Chemistry | |
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Chiral Reduction of Ethyl Acetoacetate; Optical Purity Determination | |
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Chiral Reduction of Ethyl Acetoacetate | |
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NMR Determination of the Optical Purity of (S)-Ethyl 3-Hydroxybutanoate | |
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Nitration of Aromatic Compounds Using a Recyclable Catalyst | |
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An Oxidation-Reduction Scheme: Borneol, Camphor, Isoborneol | |
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Multi-Step Reaction Sequences: The Conversion of Benzaldehyde to Benzilic Acid | |
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Preparation of Benzoin by Thiamine Catalysis | |
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Preparation of Benzil | |
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Preparation of Benzilic Acid | |
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Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone | |
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Triphenylmethanol and Benzoic Acid | |
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Triphenylmethanol | |
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Benzoic Acid | |
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Resolution of (+/-)-alpha-Phenylethylamine and Determination of Optical Purity | |
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Resolution of (+/-)-alpha-Phenylethylamine | |
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Determination of Optical Purity Using NMR and a Chiral Resolving Agent | |
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The Aldol Condensation Reaction: Preparation of Benzalacetophenones Chalcones) | |
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Preparation of an alpha,beta-Unsaturated Ketone via Michael and Aldol Condensation Reactions | |
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Enamine Reactions: 2-Acetylcyclohexanone | |
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1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-Butadiene | |
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Relative Reactivities of Several Aromatic Compounds | |
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Nitration of Methyl Benzoate | |
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Essay: Local Anesthetics | |
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Benzocaine | |
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Essay: Pheromones: Insect Attractants and Repellents | |
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N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide: The Insect Repellent "OFF" | |
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Essay: Sulfa Drugs | |
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Sulfa Drugs: Preparation of Sulfanilamide | |
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Essay: Food Colors | |
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Chromatography of Some Dye Mixtures | |
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Essay: Polymers and Plastics | |
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Preparation and Properties of Polymers: Polyester, Nylon, and Polystyrene | |
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Polyesters | |
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Polyamide (Nylon) | |
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Polystyrene | |
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Infrared Spectra of Polymer Samples | |
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Essay: Diels-Alder Reactions and Insecticides | |
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The Diels-Alder Reaction of Cyclopentadiene with Maleic Anhydride | |
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Photoreduction of Benzophenone and Rearrangement of Benzpinacol to Benzopinacolone | |
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Photoreduction of Benzophenone | |
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Synthesis of beta-Benzopinacolone: The Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Benzpinacol | |
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Essay: Fireflies and Photochemistry | |
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Luminol | |
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Essay: The Chemistry of Sweeteners | |
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Carbohydrates | |
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Analysis of a Diet Soft Drink by HPLC | |
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Essay: Chemistry of Milk | |
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Isolation of Casein and Lactose from Milk | |
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Isolation of Casein from Milk | |
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Isolation of Lactose from Milk | |
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Identification of Organic Substances | |
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Identification of Unknowns | |
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Solubility Tests | |
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Tests for the Elements (N, S, X) | |
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Tests for Unsaturation | |
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Aldehydes and Ketones | |
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Carboxylic Acids | |
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Phenols | |
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Amines | |
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Alcohols | |
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Esters | |
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Project-Based Experiments | |
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Preparation of a C-4 or C-5 Acetate Ester | |
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A Separation and Purification Scheme | |
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Extractions with a separatory funnel | |
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Extractions with a Screw-Cap centrifuge tube | |
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Isolation of Essential Oils from Allspice, Cloves, Cumin, Caraway, Cinnamon, or Fennel | |
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Isolation of Essential Oils by Steam Distillation | |
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Identification of the Constituents of Essential Oils by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | |
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Investigation of the Essential Oils of Herbs and Spices-Mini-Research Project | |
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Friedel-Crafts Acylation | |
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The Analysis of Antihistamine Drugs by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | |
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Carbonation of an Unknown Aromatic Halide | |
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The Aldehyde Enigma | |
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Synthesis of Substituted Chalcones: A Guided-Inquiry Experience | |
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Michael and Aldol Condensation Reactions | |
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Esterification Reactions of Vanillin: The Use of NMR to Solve a Structure Proof Problem | |
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An Oxidation Puzzle | |
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The Techniques | |
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Laboratory Safety | |
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The Laboratory Notebook, Calculations, and Laboratory Records | |
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Laboratory Glassware: Care and Cleaning | |
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How to Find Data for Compounds: Handbooks and Catalogues | |
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Measurement of Volume and Weight | |
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Heating and Cooling Methods | |
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Reaction Methods | |
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Filtration | |
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Physical Constants of Solids: The Melting Point | |
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Solubility | |
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Crystallization: Purification of Solids | |
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Extractions, Separations, and Drying Agents | |
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Physical Constants of Liquids: The Boiling Point and Density | |
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Simple Distillation | |
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Fractional Distillation, Azeotropes | |
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Vacuum Distillation, Manometers | |
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Sublimation | |
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Steam Distillation | |
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Column Chromatography | |
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Thin-Layer Chromatography | |
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) | |
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Gas Chromatography | |
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Polarimetry | |
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Refractometry | |
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Infrared Spectroscopy | |
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (Proton NMR) | |
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Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | |
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Mass Spectrometry | |
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Guide to the Chemical Literature | |
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Tables of Unknowns and Derivatives | |
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Procedure for Preparing Derivatives | |
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Index of Spectra. | |