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| Acknowledgements | |
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| MR: What's the attraction? | |
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| It's not rocket science, but I like it | |
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| A brief history of medical imaging | |
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| How to use this book | |
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| Further reading | |
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| The basic stuff | |
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| Early daze: your first week in MR | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Welcome to the MR unit | |
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| Safety first | |
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| The patient's journey | |
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| Basic clinical protocols | |
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| A week in the life of an MRI radiographer | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Seeing is believing: introduction to image contrast | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Some basic stuff | |
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| T[subscript 1]-weighted images | |
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| T[subscript 2]-weighted images | |
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| PD-weighted images | |
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| GE T[subscript 1]-weighted images | |
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| GE T[subscript 2]-weighted images | |
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| GE PD-weighted images | |
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| STIR images | |
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| FLAIR images | |
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| Contrast agents | |
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| Angiographic images | |
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| Further reading | |
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| The devil's in the detail: pixels, matrices and slices | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Digital and analogue images | |
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| Matrices, pixels and an introduction to resolution | |
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| Slices and orientations | |
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| Displaying images | |
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| What do the pixels represent? | |
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| From 2D to 3D | |
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| Further reading | |
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| What you set is what you get: basic image optimization | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Looking on the bright side: what are we trying to optimize? | |
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| Trading places: resolution, SNR and scan time | |
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| Ever the optimist: practical steps to optimization | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Improving your image: how to avoid artefacts | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Keep still please: gross patient motion | |
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| Physiological motion | |
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| Motion artefacts from flow | |
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| Lose the fat! | |
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| Partial volume artefact and cross-talk | |
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| Phase sampling artefacts | |
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| Susceptibility and metal artefacts | |
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| Equipment artefacts | |
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| What's causing this artefact? | |
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| Further reading | |
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| 7 Spaced out: spatial encoding | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Anatomy of a pulse sequence | |
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| From Larmor to Fourier via gradients | |
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| Something to get excited about: the image slice | |
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| In-plane localization | |
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| Consequences of Fourier imaging | |
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| Speeding it up | |
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| 3D FT | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Getting in tune: resonance and relaxation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Spinning nuclei | |
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| Measuring the magnetic moment | |
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| Creating echoes | |
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| Relaxation times | |
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| Relaxation time mechanisms | |
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| Measuring relaxation times in vivo | |
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| Contrast agent theory | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Let's talk technical: MR equipment | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Magnets | |
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| Gradients | |
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| RF system | |
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| Computer systems | |
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| Open MRI systems | |
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| Siting and installation | |
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| Further reading | |
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| But is it safe? Bio-effects | |
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| Introduction | |
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| RF effects | |
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| Gradient effects | |
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| Static field effects | |
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| Further reading | |
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| The specialist stuff | |
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| Ghosts in the machine: quality control | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The quality cycle | |
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| Signal parameters | |
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| Geometric parameters | |
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| Relaxation parameters | |
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| Artefacts | |
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| Spectroscopic QA | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Acronyms anonymous: a guide to the pulse sequence jungle | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Getting above the trees: a sequences overview | |
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| RARING to go: SE-based techniques | |
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| Spoiled for choice: GE | |
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| Ultra-fast GE imaging | |
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| Pulse sequence conversion chart | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Go with the flow: MR angiography | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Effect of flow in conventional imaging techniques | |
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| TOF MRA | |
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| PC angiography | |
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| CE MRA | |
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| Novel contrast agents | |
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| Further reading | |
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| A heart to heart discussion: cardiac MRI | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Artefact challenges | |
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| Morphological imaging | |
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| Functional imaging | |
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| Cine phase-contrast velocity mapping | |
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| Myocardial perfusion imaging | |
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| Myocardial viability | |
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| Coronary artery imaging | |
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| Further reading | |
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| It's not just squiggles: in vivo spectroscopy | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Some basic chemistry | |
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| Single-voxel spectroscopy | |
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| Processing of single-voxel spectra | |
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| Chemical shift imaging | |
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| [superscript 31]P spectroscopy | |
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| Other nuclei | |
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| Hyperpolarized gases | |
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| Further reading | |
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| To BOLDly go: new frontiers | |
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| Introduction | |
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| EPI acquisition methods | |
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| Diffusion imaging | |
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| Perfusion imaging | |
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| Brain activation mapping using 341 the BOLD effect | |
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| Further reading | |
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| The parallel universe: parallel imaging and novel acquisition techniques | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Groundwork | |
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| Making Sense: parallel imaging in image space | |
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| SMASH hits: parallel imaging in k-space | |
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| k-t Blast | |
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| Clinical benefits of parallel imaging | |
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| Image quality in parallel imaging | |
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| Non-Cartesian acquisition schemes | |
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| Epilogue: the final frontier | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Maths revision | |
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| Vectors | |
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| Sine and cosine waves | |
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| Exponentials | |
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| Complex numbers | |
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| Simple Fourier analysis | |
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| Some useful constants | |
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| Index | |