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| Contents for Volume 2 | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| List of maps | |
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| Preface | |
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| Maps | |
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| Introduction: The Geographical Setting | |
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| Hunter-Gatherers to Iron Age Farmers | |
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| The early hunter-gatherers | |
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| The Neolithic revolution | |
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| The metallurgical cultures | |
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| The coming of the Celts | |
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| Orientalisation | |
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| The Roman Experience | |
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| The Roman conquest | |
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| Towns and roads | |
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| Villas and mines | |
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| Free and slave | |
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| Roman administration and the idea of Portugal | |
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| The gods | |
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| The Germanic Kingdoms | |
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| The barbarian invasions | |
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| The Suevic kingdom | |
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| The Visigoths | |
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| Society and economy | |
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| Church, faith and phobias | |
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| Gharb al-Andalus | |
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| The Muslim conquest | |
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| Islamic rule | |
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| Social and economic fabric | |
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| Muslim faith and culture | |
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| Christians and Jews under Islam | |
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| The Christian Reconquest of the North | |
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| The Medieval Kingdom | |
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| The condado Portucalense | |
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| Afonso Henriques and the founding of the kingdom | |
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| Expanding south | |
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| The fates of the conquered | |
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| Settling and developing | |
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| Castles, churches and religious institutions | |
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| Crown, seigneurs and ecclesiastical rights | |
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| Afonso III and King Dinis | |
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| The Fourteenth Century | |
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| Becoming a nation | |
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| The economic base | |
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| Towns and the beginnings of commercial capitalism | |
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| The ordering of society: theory and practice | |
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| The Black Death and its aftermath | |
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| Afonso IV and Pedro I | |
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| Fernando and the Castilian wars | |
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| Dynastic crisis: a Castilian usurper or a Portuguese bastard? | |
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| Aljubarrota | |
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| The Making of Avis Portugal | |
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| The coming of Joao I: a bourgeois revolution? | |
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| Settling the dynasty: war, peace and royal marriages | |
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| Change and continuity in the noble estate | |
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| King Duarte and the regency of Prince Pedro | |
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| Regression under Afonso V | |
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| Joao II, noble conspiracies and royal power | |
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| Joao II: the later years | |
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| Law and taxes | |
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| The changing art of war | |
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| The Golden Age | |
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| The character and contradictions of the Golden Age | |
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| The Golden Age economy | |
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| The court and the king's majesty | |
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| The Castilian connection and the Jews | |
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| Elite society, government and bureaucracy | |
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| Church reform without a Reformation | |
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| Social welfare and the Misericordia | |
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| The Portuguese literary Renaissance | |
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| The Arts | |
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| The Tarnished Age | |
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| Joao III and his fated family | |
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| Sebastiao and Henrique | |
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| A faltering economy? | |
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| The coming of the Inquisition | |
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| The Inquisition in action | |
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| Portugal, the Council of Trent and the Jesuits | |
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| The fate of Letters and the Arts | |
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| The crisis of 1580 and the succession of Filipe I | |
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| Habsburg Portugal | |
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| Filipe I in Lisbon | |
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| Institutional change, marginalisation and ambiguous autonomy | |
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| The Habsburg economy | |
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| The union of crowns and foreign relations | |
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| The reform program of Olivares | |
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| The defection of the Portuguese nobility | |
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| The revolt of 1640 | |
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| Restoration and Reconstruction | |
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| The Restoration | |
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| Joao IV, war and diplomacy | |
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| Afonso VI and national survival | |
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| Pedro II and the stabilising of the Braganca monarchy | |
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| The internal balance of power | |
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| The seventeenth-century cortes | |
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| Restoration Portugal in the international economy | |
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| The Age of Gold and Baroque Splendour | |
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| Setting the scene | |
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| Gold, diamonds and Joao V | |
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| Population and agriculture | |
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| The wine industry and the patterns of overseas trade | |
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| Eighteenth-century Joanine absolutism | |
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| Baroque culture and the royal court | |
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| The Enlightenment and the Portuguese public | |
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| The Age of Pombal | |
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| Pombal and Pombalism | |
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| The 1755 earthquake | |
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| Pombal and Portuguese trade | |
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| Pombaline industrial and agrarian reform | |
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| The cowing of the higher nobility | |
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| Pombaline regalism and the expulsion of the Jesuits | |
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| Defence and education | |
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| The Late Eighteenth Century: Finale of the Old Regime | |
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| Maria I and the viradeira | |
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| The Marian economy and the Marian Enlightenment | |
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| Subversion, police and internal security | |
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| Prince Joao and a world in turmoil | |
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| 1807: the ano tormentoso | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |