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| List of illustrations | |
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| Preface | |
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| Historical and Religious Background | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Jews among Greeks and Romans | |
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| Religion of Second-Temple Judaism | |
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| Varieties of Second-Temple Judaism | |
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| Jewish hopes for the future | |
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| Hellenistic religion, philosophy, and world-view | |
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| An overview of early Christian history | |
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| The making of the New Testament | |
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| Jesus and the Gospels | |
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| Introduction to the Gospels | |
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| The Synoptic problem | |
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| The Gospel of Mark | |
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| The Gospel of Matthew | |
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| The Gospel of Luke | |
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| The Gospel of John | |
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| The apocryphal Jesus | |
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| The quest for the historical Jesus | |
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| Acts | |
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| The book of Acts | |
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| Pauline Christianity | |
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| Paul, his letters, and his churches | |
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| Gentiles and the Law (1): Galatians | |
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| Gentiles and the Law (2): Romans | |
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| Problems of church life: 1 Corinthians | |
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| Problems of church life: 2 Corinthians | |
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| The imminent parousia: 1 and 2 Thessalonians | |
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| Prison Epistles (1): Philippians and Philemon | |
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| Prison Epistles (2): Colossians and Ephesians | |
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| Judaic Christianity | |
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| Judaic Christianity | |
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| The letter of James | |
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| The Didache | |
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| Gnostic Christianity | |
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| Gnostic Christianity | |
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| The Gospel of Thomas | |
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| Proto-Orthodox Christianity | |
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| Proto-Orthodox Christianity | |
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| Conflict within the church (1): 1 Clement | |
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| Conflict within the church (2): the Pastoral Epistles | |
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| Conflict within the church (3): Jude and 2 Peter | |
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| Conflict within the church (4): the Johannine Epistles | |
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| Conflict within the church (5): the letters of Ignatius | |
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| Relation of Christianity to Judaism (1): Hebrews | |
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| Relation of Christianity to Judaism (2): the Epistle of Barnabas | |
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| Conflict with the Roman world (1): 1 Peter | |
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| Conflict with the Roman world (2): Revelation | |
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| Appendixes | |
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| Lucian on sacrifices | |
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| The Essenes | |
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| Jewish messianic hopes | |
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| Divine men and their births | |
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| Apotheoses | |
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| Miracle stories in the ancient world | |
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| The Infancy Gospel of Thomas | |
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| The Gospel of Peter | |
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| The Didache | |
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| Selections from the Gospel of Thomas | |
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| Selections from 1 Clement | |
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| Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans 1-9 | |
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| Selections from the Epistle of Barnabas | |
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| Conflict with Rome | |
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| Index | |