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| Preface to the College Edition | |
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| Introduction: The Nature and Aims of Archaeology | |
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| The Framework of Archaeology | |
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| The Searchers: The History of Archaeology | |
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| The Speculative Phase | |
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| The Beginnings of Modern Archaeology | |
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| Classification and Consolidation | |
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| A Turning Point in Archaeology | |
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| World Archaeology | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Box Features | |
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| Digging Pompeii: Past and Present | |
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| Evolution: Darwin's Great Idea | |
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| North American Archaeological Pioneers | |
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| The Development of Field Techniques | |
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| Women Pioneers of Archaeology | |
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| Processual Archaeology: Key Concepts | |
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| Interpretive or Postprocessual Archaeologies | |
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| Catalhoyuk: Interpretive Archaeologies in Action | |
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| Broadening the Frame | |
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| What is Left?: The Variety of the Evidence | |
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| Basic Categories of Archaeological Evidence | |
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| Formation Processes | |
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| Cultural Formation Processes - How People Have Affected What Survives in the Archaeological Record | |
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| Natural Formation Processes - How Nature Affects What Survives in the Archaeological Record | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Box Features | |
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| Experimental Archaeology | |
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| Wet Preservation: The Ozette Site | |
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| Dry Preservation: The Tomb of Tutankhamun | |
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| Cold Preservation 1: Mountain "Mummies" | |
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| Cold Preservation 2: The Iceman | |
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| Where?: Survey and Excavation of Sites and Features | |
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| Discovering Archaeological Sites and Features | |
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| Assessing the Layout of Sites and Features | |
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| Excavation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Box Features | |
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| The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project | |
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| Sampling Strategies | |
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| Archaeological Sites from the Air | |
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| GIS and the Giza Plateau | |
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| Tell Halula: Multi-period Surface Investigations | |
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| Geophysical Survey at Roman Wroxeter | |
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| Measuring Magnetism | |
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| Controlled Archaeological Test Site | |
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| Underwater Archaeology | |
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| Excavating the Red Bay Wreck | |
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| When?: Dating Methods and Chronology | |
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| Relative Dating | |
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| Stratigraphy | |
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| Typological Sequences | |
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| Genetic Dating | |
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| Linguistic Dating | |
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| Climate and Chronology | |
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| Absolute Dating | |
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| Calendars and Historical Chronologies | |
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| Annual Cycles: Varves and Tree-Rings | |
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| Radioactive Clocks | |
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| Trapped Electron Dating Methods | |
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| Calibrated Relative Methods | |
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| Chronological Correlations | |
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| World Chronology | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Box Features | |
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| The Maya Calendar | |
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| The Principles of Radioactive Decay | |
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| The Publication of Radiocarbon Results | |
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| How to Calibrate Radiocarbon Dates | |
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| Dating Our African Ancestors | |
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| Dating the Thera Eruption | |
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| Discovering the Variety of Human Experience | |
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| How Were Societies Organized?: Social Archaeology | |
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| Establishing the Nature and Scale of the Society | |
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| Further Sources of Information for Social Organization | |
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| Techniques of Study for Mobile Hunter-Gatherer Societies | |
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| Techniques of Study for Segmentary Societies | |
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| Techniques of Study for Chiefdoms and States | |
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| The Archaeology of the Individual and of Identity | |
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| The Emergence of Identity and Society | |
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| Investigating Gender and Childhood | |
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| The Molecular Genetics of Social Groups and Lineages | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Box Features | |
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| Settlement Patterns in Mesopotamia | |
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| Ancient Ethnicity and Language | |
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| Space and Density in Hunter-Gatherer Camps | |
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| Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis | |
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| Interpreting the Landscape of Early Wessex | |
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| Maya Territories | |
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| Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDSCAL) | |
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| Archaeological and Social Analysis at Moundville | |
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| Conflict and Warfare | |
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| Early Intermediate Period Peru: Gender Relations | |
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| What Was the Environment?: Environmental Archaeology | |
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| Investigating Environments on a Global Scale | |
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| Studying the Landscape: Geoarchaeology | |
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| Reconstructing the Plant Environment | |
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| Reconstructing the Animal Environment | |
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| Reconstructing the Human Environment | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Box Features | |
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| Sea and Ice Cores and Global Warming | |
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| El Nino Events | |
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| Cave Sediments | |
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| Pollen Analysis | |
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| Elands Bay Cave | |
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| Water Pollution in Ancient North America | |
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| Site Catchment Analysis | |
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| Mapping the Ancient Environment: Cahokia and GIS | |
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| Ancient Gardens at Kuk Swamp | |
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| What Did They Eat?: Subsistence and Diet | |
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| What Can Plant Foods Tell Us About Diet? | |
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| Information from Animal Resources | |
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| Investigating Diet, Seasonality, and Domestication from Animal Remains | |
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| How Were Animal Resources Exploited? | |
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| Assessing Diet from Human Remains | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Box Features | |
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| Paleoethnobotany: A Case Study | |
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| Butser Experimental Iron Age Farm | |
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| Investigating the Rise of Farming in Western Asia | |
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| Taphonomy | |
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| Quantifying Animal Bones | |
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| Bison Drive Sites | |
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| The Study of Animal Teeth | |
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| Farming Origins: A Case Study | |
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| Shell Midden Analysis | |
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| How Did They Make and Use Tools?: Technology | |
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| Unaltered Materials: Stone | |
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| Other Unaltered Materials | |
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| Synthetic Materials | |
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| Archaeometallurgy | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Box Features | |
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| Artifacts or "Geofacts" at Pedra Furada? | |
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| How Were Large Stones Raised? | |
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| Refitting and Microwear Studies at Rekem | |
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| Woodworking in the Somerset Levels | |
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| Metallographic Examination | |
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| Copper Production in Ancient Peru | |
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| Early Steelmaking: An Ethnoarchaeological Experiment | |
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| What Contact Did They Have?: Trade and Exchange | |
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| The Study of Interaction | |
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| Discovering the Sources of Traded Goods: Characterization | |
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| The Study of Distribution | |
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| The Study of Production | |
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| The Study of Consumption | |
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| Exchange and Interaction: The Complete System | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Box Features | |
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| Modes of Exchange | |
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| Materials of Prestige Value | |
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| Analyzing Artifact Composition | |
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| Lead Isotope Analysis | |
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| Trend Surface Analysis | |
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| Fall-off Analysis | |
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| Distribution: The Uluburun Wreck | |
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| Production: Greenstone Artifacts in Australia | |
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| Interaction Spheres: Hopewell | |
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| What Did They Think?: Cognitive Archaeology, Art, and Religion | |
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| Investigating How Human Symbolizing Faculties Evolved | |
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| Working with Symbols | |
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| From Written Source to Cognitive Map | |
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| Establishing Place: The Location of Memory | |
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| Measuring the World | |
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| Planning: Maps for the Future | |
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| Symbols of Organization and Power | |
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| Symbols for the Other World: The Archaeology of Religion | |
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| Depiction: Art and Representation | |
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| Mind and Material Engagement | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Box Features | |
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| Paleolithic Art | |
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| Clues to Early Thought | |
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| Maya Symbols of Power | |
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| The World's Oldest Sanctuary | |
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| Recognizing Cult Activity at Chavin | |
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| Identifying Individual Artists in Ancient Greece | |
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| Conventions of Representation in Egyptian Art | |
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| Sacrifice and Symbol in Mesoamerica | |
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| Cognition and Neuroscience | |
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| Who Were They? What Were They Like?: The Bioarchaeology of People | |
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| Identifying Physical Attributes | |
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| Assessing Human Abilities | |
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| Disease, Deformity, and Death | |
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| Assessing Nutrition | |
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| Population Studies | |
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| Diversity and Evolution | |
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| Questions of Identity | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Box Features | |
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| Spitalfields: Determining Biological Age at Death | |
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| Facial Reconstructions | |
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| Examining Bodies | |
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| Life and Death Among the Inuit | |
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| Lindow Man: The Body in the Bog | |
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| Genetics and Language Histories | |
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| Studying the Origins of New World and Australian Populations | |
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| Why Did Things Change?: Explanation in Archaeology | |
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| Migrationist and Diffusionist Explanations | |
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| The Processual Approach | |
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| Applications | |
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| The Form of Explanation: General or Particular | |
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| Attempts at Explanation: One Cause or Several? | |
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| Postprocessual or Interpretive Explanation | |
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| Cognitive Archaeology | |
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| Agency, Materiality, and Engagement | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Box Features | |
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| Diffusionist Explanation Rejected: Great Zimbabwe | |
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| Molecular Genetics, Population Dynamics and Climate Change: Europe | |
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| The Origins of Farming: A Processual Explanation | |
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| Marxist Archaeology: Key Features | |
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| Language Families and Language Change | |
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| Origins of the State 1: Peru | |
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| Origins of the State 2: The Aegean, A Multivariate Approach | |
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| The Classic Maya Collapse | |
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| Explaining the European Megaliths | |
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| The Individual as an Agent of Change | |
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| The World of Archaeology | |
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| Archaeology in Action: Five Case Studies | |
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| The Oaxaca Projects: The Origins and Rise of the Zapotec State | |
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| The Calusa of Florida: A Complex Hunter-Gatherer Society | |
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| Research Among Hunter-Gatherers: Kakadu National Park, Australia | |
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| Khok Phanom Di: The Origins of Rice Farming in Southeast Asia | |
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| York and the Public Presentation of Archaeology | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Whose Past?: Archaeology and the Public | |
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| The Meaning of the Past: The Archaeology of Identity | |
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| Archaeological Ethics | |
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| Who Owns the Past? | |
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| The Uses of the Past | |
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| Conservation and Destruction | |
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| Who Interprets and Presents the Past? | |
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| Archaeology and Public Understanding | |
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| Summary | |
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| Overview | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Box Features | |
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| The Politics of Destruction: The Bamiyan Buddhas | |
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| The Fortunes of War | |
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| Applied Archaeology: Raised Fields in Peru | |
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| CRM in Practice: The Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway Project | |
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| Conservation in Mexico City: The Great Temple of the Aztecs | |
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| Destruction and Response: Mimbres | |
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| "Collectors Are the Real Looters" | |
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| Archaeology at the Fringe | |
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| Internet Archaeology | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Notes and Bibliography | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Index | |