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| Preface | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| About the Chapter 14 Contributors | |
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| From Problem Solving to Solution Building | |
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| Helping as Problem Solving | |
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| The Stages of Problem Solving | |
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| A Caveat: The Importance of Trust Development | |
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| The Medical Model | |
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| Problem Solving: The Paradigm of the Helping Professions | |
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| Helping as Solution Building | |
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| Concerns about the Problem-Solving Paradigm | |
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| History of Solution Building | |
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| Solution Building: The Basics | |
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| A Second Interview with Rosie | |
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| Solution-Building Interviewing Activities | |
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| The Stages of Solution Building | |
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| Describing the Problem | |
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| Developing Well-Formed Goals | |
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| Exploring for Exceptions | |
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| End-of-Session Feedback | |
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| Evaluating Client Progress | |
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| The Client as Expert | |
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| Skills for Not Knowing | |
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| Basic Interviewing Skills | |
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| Listening | |
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| Formulating Questions | |
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| Getting Details | |
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| Echoing Clients' Key Words | |
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| Open Questions | |
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| Summarizing | |
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| Paraphrasing | |
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| Practitioners' Nonverbal Behavior | |
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| The Use of Silence | |
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| Noticing Clients' Nonverbal Behavior | |
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| Self-Disclosing | |
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| Noticing Process | |
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| Complimenting | |
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| Affirming Clients' Perceptions | |
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| Natural Empathy | |
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| Normalizing | |
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| Returning the Focus to the Client | |
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| Noticing Hints of Possibility | |
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| Exploring Client Meanings | |
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| Relationship Questions | |
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| Amplifying Solution Talk | |
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| Leading from One Step Behind | |
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| Getting Started: How to Pay Attention to What the Client Wants | |
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| When You First Meet Your Client | |
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| Names and Small Talk | |
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| Clarifying How You Work | |
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| Problem Description | |
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| Asking for Client Perceptions and Respecting Client Language | |
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| What Is the Client's Understanding of How the Problem Affects the Client? | |
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| What Has the Client Tried? | |
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| What Is Most Important for the Client to Work on First? | |
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| How to Work with Clients on What They Might Want | |
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| When Clients Want Something and See Themselves as Part of a Solution | |
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| A Word of Caution | |
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| When Clients Say Someone Else Needs to Change | |
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| When Clients Seem Uninterested or Resistant to Changing | |
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| What if Clients Want What Is Not Good for Them? | |
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| What if Clients Do Not Want Anything at All? | |
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| Influencing Client Cooperation and Motivation | |
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| How to Amplify What Clients Want: The Miracle Question | |
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| Characteristics of Well-Formed Goals | |
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| Importance to the Client | |
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| Interactional Terms | |
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| Situational Features | |
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| The Presence of Some Desirable Behaviors Rather than the Absence of Problems | |
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| A Beginning Step Rather than the Final Result | |
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| Clients' Recognition of a Role for Themselves | |
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| Concrete, Behavioral, Measurable Terms | |
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| Realistic Terms | |
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| A Challenge to the Client | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Miracle Question | |
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| Ah Yan's Miracle Picture | |
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| The Williams Family | |
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| The Art of Interviewing for Well-Formed Goals | |
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| Avoiding Premature Closure | |
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| Exploring for Exceptions: Building on Client Strengths and Successes | |
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| Exceptions | |
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| Definition | |
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| Interviewing for Exceptions | |
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| Ah Yan's Exceptions | |
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| Client Successes and Strengths | |
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| Respecting the Client's Words and Frame of Reference | |
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| Scaling Questions | |
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| Presession-Change Scaling | |
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| Scaling Motivation and Confidence | |
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| Exceptions: The Williams Family | |
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| Building toward a Difference that Makes a Difference | |
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| Formulating Feedback for Clients | |
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| Taking a Thinking Break | |
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| The Structure of Feedback | |
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| Compliments | |
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| The Bridge | |
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| Suggestions | |
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| Deciding on a Suggestion | |
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| Does the Client Want Something? | |
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| Are There Well-Formed Goals? | |
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| Are There Exceptions? | |
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| Feedback for Ah Yan | |
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| Feedback for the Williams Family | |
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| Feedback Guidelines | |
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| Common Messages | |
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| When Clients Do Not Perceive a Problem and Do Not Want Anything | |
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| When Clients Perceive a Problem But Not a Role for Themselves in a Solution | |
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| When Clients Want Something and See Themselves as Part of a Solution | |
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| Other Useful Messages | |
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| The Overcoming-the-Urge Suggestion | |
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| Addressing Competing Views of the Solution | |
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| Decisions about the Next Session | |
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| Cribsheets, Protocols, and Notetaking | |
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| Later Sessions: Finding, Amplifying, and Measuring Client Progress | |
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| "What's better?" | |
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| Ears | |
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| Ah Yan | |
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| Doing More of the Same | |
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| Scaling | |
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| Scaling Progress | |
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| Scaling Confidence | |
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| Next Steps | |
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| Termination | |
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| The Break | |
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| Feedback | |
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| Compliments | |
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| Bridge | |
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| Suggestion | |
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| The Second Session with the Williams Family | |
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| "What's Better?" | |
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| Break | |
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| Feedback | |
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| Bridge | |
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| Suggestion | |
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| Setbacks, Relapses, and Times when Nothing Is Better | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Interviewing Clients in Involuntary Situations: Children, Dyads, and the Mandated | |
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| Taking a Solution Focus | |
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| Key Ideas for Solution Building with Clients in Involuntary Situations | |
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| Begin by Assuming the Client Probably Does Not Want Anything from You | |
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| Responding to Anger and Negativity | |
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| Listen for Who and What Are Important | |
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| Use Relationship Questions to Address Context | |
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| Incorporating Nonnegotiable Requirements | |
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| Giving Control to Clients | |
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| Guidelines, Useful Questions, and a Protocol for Interviewing Involuntary Clients | |
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| Building Solutions with Children | |
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| Children as Involuntary Participants | |
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| Getting Prepared to Meet a Child | |
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| Getting Started with Positives | |
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| Enlisting Adults as Allies | |
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| Getting the Child's Perceptions | |
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| Other Tips for Interviewing Children | |
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| Interviewing Dyads | |
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| Focus on the Relationship | |
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| Getting Started | |
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| Work toward a Common Goal | |
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| Other Tips | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Working with Those Mandated into Services | |
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| Getting Started | |
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| Getting More Details about the Client's Understandings and What the Client Wants | |
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| Asking about Context with Relationship Questions | |
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| Coconstructing Competence | |
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| Back on Familiar Ground | |
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| What about Making Recommendations that the Client Opposes? | |
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| Final Word | |
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| Interviewing in Crisis Situations | |
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| Solution Focus versus Problem Focus | |
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| Getting Started: "How Can I Help?" | |
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| "What Have You Tried?" | |
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| "What Do You Want to Have Different?" | |
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| Asking the Miracle Question | |
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| Coping Questions | |
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| The Case of Jermaine | |
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| Coping Exploration | |
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| Connecting with the Larger Picture | |
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| Using Coping Questions with Clients Who Talk Suicide | |
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| Scaling Questions | |
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| Scaling Current Coping Ability | |
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| Scaling Presession Coping Changes | |
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| Scaling the Next Step | |
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| Scaling Motivation and Confidence | |
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| Feedback: Doing More of What Helps | |
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| Gathering Problem-Assessment Information | |
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| When the Client Remains Overwhelmed | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Outcomes | |
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| Early Research at Brief Family Therapy Center | |
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| 1992-1993 Study Design Participants | |
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| Outcome Measurement | |
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| Results | |
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| Length of Services | |
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| Intermediate Outcomes | |
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| Final Outcomes | |
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| Comparative Data | |
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| Other Studies of Solution-Focused Therapy | |
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| Next Steps | |
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| Professional Values and Human Diversity | |
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| Solution Building and Professional Values | |
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| Respecting Human Dignity | |
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| Individualizing Service | |
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| Fostering Client Vision | |
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| Building on Strengths | |
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| Encouraging Client Participation | |
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| Maximizing Self-Determination | |
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| Fostering Transferability | |
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| Maximizing Client Empowerment | |
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| Protecting Confidentiality | |
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| Promoting Normalization | |
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| Monitoring Change | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Diversity-Competent Practice | |
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| Outcome Data on Diversity | |
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| Diversity and Satisfaction with Services | |
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| Agency, Group, and Community Practice | |
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| Solution Building and Agency Practice | |
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| Case Documentation in Problem-Focused Settings | |
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| Case Documentation in More Solution-Focused Settings | |
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| Case Conferences in Problem-Focused Settings | |
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| Case Conferences in More Solution-Focused Settings | |
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| Solution-Building Supervision | |
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| Relationships with Colleagues in Problem-Focused Settings | |
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| Relationships with Colleagues in Solution-Focused Settings | |
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| Relationships with Collaterals | |
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| Group and Organizational Practice | |
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| Group Practice | |
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| Organizational Practice | |
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| Applications | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Family Solutions: From "Problem Families to Families Finding Solutions" | |
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| The Need for Something Different | |
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| How We Did It | |
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| Techniques Employed | |
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| Differences Made | |
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| Case Examples | |
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| Katy McKeith | |
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| Colin James | |
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| Outcomes | |
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| Feedback from Families | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Woww Program | |
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| The Program | |
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| Observation and Complimenting by a Coach | |
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| Creating Classroom Goals | |
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| Scaling Classroom Success | |
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| Coaching | |
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| Outcomes | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Solutions for Bullying in Primary Schools | |
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| The Support Group Approach to Bullying | |
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| Case Example | |
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| Making a Difference | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Implementation of Solution-Focused Skills in a Hawai'i Prison | |
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| Program Description | |
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| Restorative Circle | |
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| Inmate Training in SF Skills | |
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| Case Example: Restorative Circle | |
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| Evaluation | |
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| Satisfaction with Restorative Circles | |
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| Satisfaction with Inmate Training | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| It's a Matter of Choice | |
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| The Problem Drinking Treatment Program | |
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| Techniques from SFBT | |
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| A Case | |
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| Follow-Up | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Plumas Project: Solution-Focused Treatment of Domestic Violence Offenders | |
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| History | |
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| Shifting to a Solution Focus | |
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| Our Program | |
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| Assessment Interview | |
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| Assignments | |
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| Program Outcomes | |
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| Recidivism Rates | |
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| Partners' Comments | |
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| Group Members' Comments | |
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| Impact On Practitioners | |
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| Impact on Our Agency | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Transforming Agency Practice through Solution-Focused Supervision | |
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| Why Change was Necessary | |
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| How I Introduced Solution-Focused Practices | |
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| Therapists' Views | |
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| Further Developments | |
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| Differences We have Noticed | |
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| Youthcare Drenthe | |
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| Becoming a Solution-Focused Organization | |
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| Adopting a Paradigm Change | |
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| Swarm Phenomenon | |
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| My Vision for the Miracle Organization | |
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| Making the Vision Happen | |
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| Role of the Director | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Theoretical Implications | |
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| Shifts in Client Perceptions and Definitions | |
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| Social Constructionism | |
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| Shifting Paradigms | |
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| Outcome Data | |
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| Shifting Perceptions and Definitions as a Client Strength | |
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| Solution-Building Tools | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |