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Preface | |
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Introduction | |
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The Nature of Philosophy | |
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Introduction: What is Philosophy? The Traditional Divisions of Philosophy | |
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An Example of Philosophy: Socrates | |
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The Value of Philosophy | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusions | |
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Historical Showcase: The First Philosophers | |
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Readings | |
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Human Nature | |
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Introduction: Why Study Human Nature? | |
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What is Human Nature? | |
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The Mind-Body Problem: How Do Mind and Body Relate? | |
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Is There an Enduring Self? | |
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Are We Independent and Self-Sufficient Individuals? | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusions | |
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Historical Showcase: Plato, Aristotle and Confucius | |
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Metaphysics | |
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Reality and Being | |
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Introduction: What is Real? Reality: Material or Nonmaterial? | |
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Reality in Pragmatism | |
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Reality and Logical Positivism | |
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Antirealism: The New Idealists | |
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Encountering Reality: Phenomenology and Existentialism | |
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Is Freedom Real? | |
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Is Time Real? | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusions | |
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Historical Showcase: Hobbes and Berkeley | |
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Readings | |
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Philosophy and God | |
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Introduction: What is Religion? | |
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Does God Exist? | |
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Atheism, Agnosticism, and the Problem of Evil | |
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Traditional Religious Belief and Experience | |
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Nontraditional Religious Experience | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusions | |
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Historical Showcase: Aquinas, Descartes, and Conway | |
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Readings | |
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Epistemology | |
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The Sources of Knowledge | |
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Introduction: Why is Knowledge a Problem? | |
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Is Reason the Source of Our Knowledge? | |
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Can the Senses Account for all Our Knowledge? | |
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Kant: Does the Knowing Mind Shape the World? | |
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Does Science Give Us Knowledge? | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusions | |
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Historical Showcase: Hume | |
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Readings | |
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Truth | |
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Introduction: Belief, Knowledge and Truth | |
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What is Truth? | |
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Does Science Give Us Truth? | |
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Can Interpretations Be True? | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusions | |
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Historical Showcase: Kant | |
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Readings | |
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Values | |
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Ethics | |
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Introduction: What is Ethics? | |
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Is Ethics Relative? | |
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Do Consequences Make an Action Right? | |
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Do Rules Define Morality? | |
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Is Ethics Based on Character? | |
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Can Ethics Resolve Moral Quandaries? | |
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Ethics and Moral Responsibility | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusions | |
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Historical Showcase: Nietzsche and Wollstonecraft | |
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Readings | |
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Social Philosophy | |
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Introduction: What is Social Philosophy? | |
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What Justifies the State? | |
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What is Justice? | |
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Law and Civil Disobedience | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusions | |
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Historical Showcase: Marx and Rawls | |
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Readings | |
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Postscript: Art and Meaning | |
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Introduction | |
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What is Art? Does Life Have Meaning? | |
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Chapter Summary and Conclusions | |
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Art Acknowledgments | |
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Glossary | |
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Appendix | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |