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| Preface | |
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| Author Biographies | |
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| Introduction to Counseling Children | |
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| Introduction to a Child's World | |
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| Indicators of Well-Being | |
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| What Causes Our Children's Problems? | |
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| A Changing World | |
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| The American Home | |
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| Societal Crises | |
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| Changing Values | |
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| Summary of Children's Difficulties | |
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| The Personal World of The Child | |
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| Child Development | |
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| A Child's Cognitive World | |
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| The Child's World of Social Development | |
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| Resilience | |
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| What Is Counseling? | |
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| How Does Counseling Differ from Psychotherapy? | |
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| What Is an Appropriate Working Definition of Counseling? | |
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| What Counseling Can Do | |
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| What Specific Types of Assistance Can Be Expected from the Counseling Session? | |
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| Who Are the Mental Health Professionals? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Introduction to a Child's World Video | |
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| Websites for Understanding a Child's World | |
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| References | |
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| The Counseling Process | |
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| Which Approaches to Counseling Are Effective? | |
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| Classifying Counseling Theories | |
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| Preparing for the Interview | |
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| What Are Some Things to Consider during the First Interview? | |
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| Children's Resistance to Counseling | |
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| Steps to Overcoming Children's Resistance | |
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| First Interview Goals and Observations | |
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| A General Model for Counseling | |
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| Defining the Problem through Active Listening | |
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| Clarifying the Child's Expectations | |
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| Exploring What Has Been Done to Solve the Problem | |
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| Exploring What New Things Could Be Done to Solve the Problem | |
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| Obtaining a Commitment to Try One of the Problem-Solving Ideas | |
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| Closing the Counseling Interview | |
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| Questions Counselors Ask | |
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| What Does the Counselor Need to Know about Counseling Records? | |
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| How Much Self-Disclosure Is Appropriate for the Counselor? | |
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| What Types of Questions Should the Counselor Use? | |
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| How Can Silences Be Used in Counseling? | |
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| Should Counselors Give Advice? | |
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| Should Counselors Give Information? | |
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| How Does the Counselor Keep the Client on Task during the Counseling Session? | |
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| What Limits Should Be Set in Counseling? | |
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| What about the Issue of Confidentiality? | |
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| Is This Child Telling Me the Truth? | |
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| What Can Be Done When the Interview Process Becomes Blocked? | |
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| When Should Counseling Be Terminated? | |
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| How Can Counseling Be Evaluated? | |
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| Goal Attainment Score Calculation: Level at Intake | |
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| Goal Attainment Score Calculation: Level at Follow-up | |
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| How Do Professional Counselors Work with Managed Health Care? | |
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| Problem Identification | |
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| Problem Definition | |
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| Goal Development | |
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| Measurable Objectives | |
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| Creating Interventions | |
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| Diagnosing | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Counseling Process Video | |
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| Websites for the Counseling Process | |
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| References | |
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| Counseling Theories and Techniques | |
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| Psychoanalytic Counseling | |
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| The Nature of People | |
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| Theory of Counseling | |
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| Structural Concepts | |
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| Id | |
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| Ego | |
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| Superego | |
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| Dynamic Concepts | |
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| Instinct | |
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| Cathexis | |
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| Anticathexis | |
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| Anxiety | |
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| Developmental Concepts | |
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| Defense Mechanisms | |
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| Psychosexual Stages and Erikson's Stages | |
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| Psychoanalytic Counseling and Development of Self-Esteem | |
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| Object Relations Theory | |
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| Counseling Methods | |
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| Catharsis | |
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| Free Association | |
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| Interpretation | |
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| Interpretation of Dreams | |
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| Parapraxia | |
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| Humor | |
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| Analysis of Transference | |
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| Analysis of Resistance | |
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| Analysis of Incomplete Sentences | |
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| Bibliocounseling | |
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| Storytelling | |
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| Psychoanalytic Play Therapy and the Expressive Arts | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Cross-Cultural Applications of Psychoanalytic Counseling | |
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| Psychoanalytic Counseling, Accountability, and Managed Health Care | |
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| Summary | |
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| Websites for Psychoanalytic Counseling | |
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| References | |
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| Reality Therapy: Counseling with Choice Theory | |
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| The Nature of People | |
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| Choice Theory and the Nature of People | |
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| Theory of Counseling | |
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| Counseling Method | |
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| Reality Therapy Process | |
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| Case Study | |
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| The Ten-Step Reality Therapy Consultation Model | |
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| Cross-Cultural Applications of Reality Therapy | |
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| Reality Therapy, Accountability, and Managed Health Care | |
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| Summary | |
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| Introduction to Reality Therapy | |
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| Websites for Reality Therapy | |
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| References | |
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| Brief Counseling: Solution-Focused and Paradoxical Counseling Strategies | |
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| Background | |
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| Solution-Focused Brief Counseling | |
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| The Nature of People | |
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| Theory of Counseling | |
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| Counseling Method | |
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| Orientation Statement | |
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| Statement of the Problem | |
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| Setting Counseling Goals | |
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| The Skeleton Key Question/Statement for Goal Setting | |
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| Working with Unproductive Client Goals | |
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| Using the Miracle Question to Formulate Goals | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Reviewing the Steps in Solution-Focused Brief Counseling | |
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| Orientation to the Solution-Focused Brief Counseling Process | |
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| Setting Goals for Counseling | |
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| Active Listening | |
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| Working with Negative Goals | |
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| Working with Positive Goals | |
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| The Miracle Question | |
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| Relationship Questions | |
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| Exceptions to the Problem Situation | |
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| Positive Blame | |
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| Scaling Progress toward Goal | |
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| Ten Percent Improvements | |
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| Flagging the Mine Field | |
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| Closing the Session | |
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| Writing the Note | |
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| Ericksonian Play Therapy | |
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| Paradoxical Counseling Strategies | |
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| The Nature of People | |
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| Theory of Counseling | |
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| Counseling Method | |
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| Case Examples | |
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| Cross-Cultural Applications of Brief Counseling | |
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| Brief Counseling: Accountability and Managed Health Care | |
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| Summary | |
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| Introduction to Brief Counseling Video | |
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| Websites for Brief Counseling | |
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| References | |
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| Person-Centered Counseling | |
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| The Nature of People | |
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| Theory of Counseling | |
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| Counseling Method | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Person-Centered Counseling and the Development of Self-Esteem | |
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| Integrating Self-Esteem-Building Activities with the Child's Life | |
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| Child-Centered Play Therapy | |
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| Cross-Cultural Applications of Person-Centered Counseling | |
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| Person-Centered Counseling, Accountability, and Managed Health Care | |
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| Summary | |
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| Introduction to Person-Centered Counseling Video | |
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| Websites for Person-Centered Counseling | |
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| References | |
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| Gestalt Therapy | |
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| The Nature of People | |
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| Theory of Counseling | |
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| Counseling Method | |
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| Gestalt Techniques | |
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| "I" Language | |
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| Substituting Won't for Can't | |
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| Substituting What and How for Why | |
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| No Gossiping | |
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| Changing Questions into Statements | |
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| Taking Responsibility | |
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| Incomplete Sentences | |
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| Bipolarities | |
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| My Greatest Weakness | |
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| Resent, Demand, and Appreciate: The Integration of Opposing Thoughts, Feelings, and Beliefs | |
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| Fantasy Games for Creating Awareness | |
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| Dreamwork | |
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| Gestalt Play Therapy | |
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| Confidence Courses for Play Therapy | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Cross-Cultural Applications of Gestalt Therapy | |
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| Gestalt Therapy, Accountability, and Managed Health Care | |
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| Summary | |
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| Introduction to Gestalt Therapy Video | |
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| Websites for Gestalt Therapy | |
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| References | |
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| Rational-Emotive-Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | |
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| The Nature of People | |
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| Theory of Counseling | |
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| Counseling Method | |
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| Rational-Emotive-Behavioral Education | |
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| Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Applications of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | |
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| Aggression | |
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| Anxiety | |
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| Depression | |
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| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder | |
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| Obesity | |
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| Children of Alcoholics | |
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| Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy | |
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| Cross-Cultural Applications of Rational-Emotive-Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | |
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| Rational-Emotive-Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Accountability, and Managed Health Care | |
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| Summary | |
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| Websites for Rational-Emotive-Bebavioral Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | |
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| References | |
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| Behavioral Counseling | |
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| The Nature of People | |
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| Theory of Counseling | |
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| Behavior Analysis | |
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| Why People Behave as They Do | |
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| Steps in Behavior Analysis | |
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| Principles of Behavior | |
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| Schedules of Reinforcement | |
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| Fixed Interval Schedule | |
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| Variable Interval Schedule | |
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| Fixed Ratio Schedule | |
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| Variable Ratio Schedule | |
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| Counseling Goals | |
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| Counseling Methods | |
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| Contingency Contracts | |
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| Self-management | |
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| Shaping | |
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| Behavioral Momentum | |
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| Biofeedback | |
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| Modeling | |
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| Token Economies | |
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| Behavior-Practice Groups | |
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| Role-playing | |
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| Role-playing to Define a Problem | |
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| Role Reversal | |
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| Role-playing Used as Behavior Rehearsal | |
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| Counseling Homework Assignments | |
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| Assertiveness Training | |
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| Classical Conditioning Methods | |
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| Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) | |
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| Systematic Desensitization | |
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| Flooding | |
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| Hypnosis | |
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| Counterconditioning | |
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| Aversive Conditioning | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Applications of Behavioral Counseling | |
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| Response Cost | |
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| Eating Disorders | |
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| Multimodal Approaches | |
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| Cross-Cultural Applications of Behavioral Counseling | |
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| Behavioral Counseling, Accountability, and Managed Health Care | |
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| Summary | |
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| Introduction to Behavioral Counseling | |
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| Websites for Behavioral Counseling | |
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| References | |
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| Transactional Analysis | |
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| The Nature of People and Theory of Counseling | |
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| Structural Analysis | |
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| Parent | |
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| Adult | |
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| Child | |
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| Transactional Analysis | |
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| Script Analysis | |
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| Game Analysis | |
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| Life Positions | |
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| Games Clients Play | |
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| The Pursuit of Strokes | |
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| Structuring Time | |
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| Rackets | |
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| Counseling Method | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Cross-Cultural Applications of Transactional Analysis | |
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| Transactional Analysis, Accountability, and Managed Health Care | |
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| Summary | |
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| Websites for Transactional Analysis | |
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| References | |
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| Individual Psychology | |
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| The Nature of People | |
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| The Need for Success | |
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| Goals of Behavior | |
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| Lifestyle | |
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| Social Interest | |
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| The Family Constellation | |
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| Only Children | |
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| Firstborn Children | |
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| Second-Born Children | |
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| Middle Children | |
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| Youngest Children | |
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| The Family Atmosphere | |
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| Theory of Counseling | |
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| Goals of Misbehavior | |
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| Attention | |
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| Power | |
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| Revenge | |
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| Inadequacy or Withdrawal | |
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| Counseling Method | |
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| Early Recollections | |
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| Understanding | |
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| Confrontation | |
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| Stages | |
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| Interventions for the Four Goals of Misbehavior | |
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| Sequence of the "Could It Be...?" Questions | |
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| Encouragement | |
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| Praise | |
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| Bribery | |
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| Natural and Logical Consequences | |
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| Natural Consequences | |
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| Logical Consequences | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Adlerian Play Therapy | |
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| Adlerian Family Counseling | |
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| Cross-Cultural Applications of Individual Psychology | |
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| Individual Psychology, Accountability, and Managed Health Care | |
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| Introduction to Individual Psychology | |
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| Websites for Individual Psychology | |
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| References | |
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| Family Counseling | |
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| How Does Family Counseling Differ from Individual Counseling? | |
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| What Defines a Family? | |
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| How Does General Systems Theory Relate to Families? | |
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| Systems Approach to Family Therapy | |
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| Murray Bowen (1913-1990) | |
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| The Spousal Relationship | |
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| Differentiation of Self | |
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| Detriangulation of Self from the Family Emotional System | |
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| Nuclear Family Emotional Process | |
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| Family Projection Process | |
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| Multigenerational Transmission Process | |
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| Sibling Position | |
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| Emotional Cutoff | |
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| Emotional Process in Society | |
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| Emotional Systems of the Family | |
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| Modeling Differentiation | |
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| Structural Family Therapy | |
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| Salvador Minuchin's Contributions to Structural Family Therapy | |
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| Strategic Family Therapy | |
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| Paradoxical Interventions | |
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| Contributions of Milton Erickson, Jay Haley, and Cloe Madanes to Strategic Family Therapy | |
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| The Communications Approach to Family Therapy | |
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| John Gottman's Behavioral Interview Method | |
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| Virginia Satir's Conjoint Family Therapy | |
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| The Nature of People | |
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| Theory of Counseling | |
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| Counseling Method | |
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| An Example of Satir's Method | |
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| The Importance of Including Children | |
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| Three Keys to Satir's System | |
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| Satir's Technique | |
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| Simulated Family Game | |
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| Systems Games | |
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| Communication Games | |
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| The Counselor's Role | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Play Therapy with Families | |
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| Dynamic Family Play Therapy | |
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| Filial Therapy | |
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| Strategic Family Play Therapy | |
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| Theraplay | |
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| Cross-Cultural Applications of Family Counseling | |
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| Family Counseling, Accountability, and Managed Health Care | |
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| Summary | |
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| Introduction to Family Counseling | |
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| Websites for Family Counseling | |
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| References | |
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| Personality Types | |
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| The Nature of People | |
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| Theory of Counseling | |
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| Psyche | |
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| Psychic Energy | |
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| Consciousness | |
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| The Personal Unconscious | |
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| The Ego | |
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| The Ego Gatekeeper | |
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| Complexes | |
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| Individuation | |
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| Dreams | |
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| Progression and Regression | |
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| The Collective Unconscious | |
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| Archetypes | |
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| The Self | |
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| The Anima and Animus | |
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| The Shadow | |
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| The Persona | |
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| Word Association | |
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| Psychological Types | |
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| Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) | |
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| The Type Table | |
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| Dominance | |
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| Temperament | |
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| Preferences in Learning | |
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| Psychological Diversity in Children | |
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| Usefulness in Counseling | |
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| Theory of Type Development | |
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| Counseling Method | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Cross-Cultural Applications of Jung | |
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| Summary | |
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| Websites for Jungian Counseling | |
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| References | |
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| Counseling with Children: Special Topics | |
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| Play Therapy | |
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| Defining Play Therapy | |
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| Advantages of Play Therapy | |
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| Empirical Support for Play Therapy | |
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| Cross-Cultural Applications of Play Therapy | |
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| Play Therapy Approaches | |
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| Applications of Play Therapy | |
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| Group Play Therapy | |
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| Prescriptive Play Therapy | |
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| Play Therapy with Families | |
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| Filial Therapy | |
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| Parent-Child Interaction Therapy | |
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| Play Therapy with Specific Child Populations and Problems | |
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| Children Experiencing Adjustment Difficulties in School | |
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| Children Witnessing Domestic Violence | |
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| Children Facing Persistent Illness and Children in the Hospital | |
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| Autistic Children | |
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| Children Experiencing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | |
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| Play Therapy in Combination with Other Interventions | |
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| Considerations in Play Therapy | |
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| Therapist | |
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| Appropriate Clients | |
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| Play Stages | |
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| Play Therapy and Managed Health Care | |
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| Play Therapy Media and Strategies | |
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| Basic Skills of Play Therapy | |
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| Art | |
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| Puppets | |
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| Sand | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Summary | |
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| Introduction to Play Therapy | |
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| Websites for Play Therapy | |
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| References | |
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| Cultural Factors in Counseling Children | |
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| Competence | |
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| Multicultural Counseling Competencies | |
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| Awareness | |
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| Knowledge | |
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| Ethnic Identity Development | |
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| Acculturation | |
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| Skills | |
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| Children | |
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| African American Children | |
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| American Indian and Alaskan Native Children | |
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| Asian American Children | |
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| Latino Children | |
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| Multiracial Children | |
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| Summary | |
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| Websites for Cultural Factors in Counseling Children | |
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| References | |
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| Consultation and Collaboration | |
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| Consultation | |
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| Models of Consultation | |
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| Mental Health Consultation | |
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| Process Consultation | |
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| Behavioral Consultation | |
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| Cross-Cultural Consultation | |
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| Consulting Process | |
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| Combinations | |
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| Consultation Interventions | |
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| Role Shift | |
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| Listing of Behaviors | |
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| Logical Consequences | |
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| Isolation Techniques | |
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| Collaboration | |
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| Teaming | |
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| Assessment as a Consulting and Counseling Intervention | |
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| The Interview | |
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| Case Histories | |
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| Behavioral Observations | |
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| Formal Psychological and Educational Tests | |
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| Intelligence Tests | |
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| Projective Techniques | |
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| Achievement Tests | |
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| Aptitude Tests | |
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| Other Tests | |
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| Summary | |
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| Websites for Consultation and Collaboration | |
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| References | |
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| Group Counseling with Children | |
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| Definition of Group | |
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| Types of Groups | |
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| Theoretically Oriented Group Counseling | |
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| Group Leadership Skills | |
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| Getting Started | |
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| Group Focus | |
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| Selecting Group Members | |
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| Forming a Group | |
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| Screening Interview | |
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| Size of Group | |
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| Group Setting | |
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| Group Stages | |
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| Group Counseling Process | |
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| The First Session | |
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| Guidelines for the Remaining Sessions | |
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| Implications for Different Ages | |
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| Evaluation of Groups | |
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| Group Counseling Example | |
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| Classroom Meetings | |
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| Group Crisis Intervention | |
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| Summary | |
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| Websites for Group Counseling with Children | |
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| References | |
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| Counseling Children with Special Concerns | |
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| Child Maltreatment | |
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| Physical Abuse and Neglect | |
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| Child Sexual Abuse | |
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| General Counseling Strategies for Working with Children Who Have Been Abused | |
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| Children's Memories of Abuse | |
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| Children in Chemically Dependent Families | |
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| Interventions for Children from Chemically Dependent Families | |
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| Death and Bereavement | |
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| Interventions for Children Who Are Grieving | |
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| Depression and Suicide | |
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| Interventions for Depression | |
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| Suicide | |
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| Interventions for Suicide | |
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| Postsuicide Interventions | |
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| Family Structures | |
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| Children of Divorce | |
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| Children in Stepfamilies | |
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| Children in Single-Parent Homes | |
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| Homeless Children | |
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| Children and Violence | |
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| Gangs | |
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| Summary | |
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| Websites for Counseling Children with Special Concerns | |
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| References | |
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| Counseling with Children with Special Needs | |
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| The Situation | |
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| History | |
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| Categories of Exceptionality | |
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| Methods for Counseling with Children Who Have Special Needs | |
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| Children with Behavioral-Emotional Disorders | |
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| The Child with a Learning Disability | |
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| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Deficit Disorder | |
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| The Child with Mental Retardation | |
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| The Child with a Physical Disability | |
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| General Ideas | |
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| Counseling with Parents of Exceptional Children | |
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| Summary | |
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| Websites for Counseling with Exceptional Children | |
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| References | |
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| Legal and Ethical Considerations for Counselors | |
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| Ethical, Professional, and Legal Issues | |
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| Decision-Making Models | |
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| Counseling Minors | |
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| Competence | |
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| Informed Consent | |
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| Confidentiality | |
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| Confidentiality of Files | |
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| Breaching Confidentiality | |
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| Duty to Protect | |
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| Confidentiality in Groups | |
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| Child Abuse Reporting | |
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| An Ethical Decision-Making Process | |
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| Summary | |
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| Websites for Legal and Ethical Considerations for Counselors | |
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| References | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Topical Index | |