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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Credits | |
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| Two Case Studies in Creativity | |
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| Beliefs about Creativity | |
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| Two Case Studies in Creativity | |
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| Creativity in Science: Discovery of the Double Helix | |
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| Conclusions: Watson and Crick's Discovery of the Double Helix | |
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| Artistic Creativity: Development of Picasso's Guernica | |
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| Structure in Creative Thinking: Conclusions from the Case Studies | |
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| Revisiting the Question of Artistic Creativity versus Scientific Discovery | |
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| Beyond Case Studies: Outline of the Book | |
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| The Study of Creativity | |
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| Outline of the Chapter | |
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| Creative Product, Creative Process, and Creative Person: Questions of Definition | |
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| Method versus Theory in the Study of Creativity | |
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| Methods of Studying Creativity | |
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| An Introduction to Theories of Creativity | |
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| The Cognitive Perspective on Creativity, Part I: Ordinary Thinking, Creative Thinking, and Problem Solving | |
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| Outline of the Chapter | |
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| Basic Cognitive Components of Ordinary Thinking | |
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| General Characteristics of Ordinary Thinking | |
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| Creative Thinking and Ordinary Thinking: Conclusions | |
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| The Cognitive Analysis of Problem Solving | |
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| An Example of Problem Solving | |
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| Solving a Problem: Questions of Definition | |
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| A Brief History of the Cognitive Perspective on Problem Solving | |
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| Problem Solving: Processes of Understanding and Search | |
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| Strategies for Searching Problem Spaces | |
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| Weak Heuristic Methods of Problem Solving and Creative Thinking: Conclusions | |
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| The Cognitive Perspective on Creativity, Part II: Knowledge and Expertise in Problem Solving | |
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| Outline of the Chapter | |
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| Use of Knowledge in Problem Solving: Studies of Analogical Transfer | |
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| Strong Methods in Problem Solving: Studies of Expertise | |
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| Outline of a Cognitive-Analytic Model of Problem Solving: Strong and Weak Methods in Problem Solving | |
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| The Cognitive Perspective on Problem Solving and Creativity: Conclusions and Implications | |
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| The Creative Cognition Approach: A Botton-Up Analysis of Creative Thinking | |
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| Skepticism about Expertise and Creativity | |
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| Practice or Talent? | |
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| Expertise and Achievement: Reproductive or Productive? | |
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| Expertise, Knowledge, and Experience versus Creativity: The Tension View | |
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| The Cognitive Perspective on Problem Solving and Creativity: Conclusions | |
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| Case Studies of Creativity: Ordinary Thinking in the Arts, Science, and Invention | |
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| Outline of the Chapter | |
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| Basic Components of Ordinary Thinking | |
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| The 10-Year Rule in Creative Development | |
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| Case Studies of Creativity in the Visual Arts | |
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| Case Studies of Creativity in Science | |
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| Scientific Creativity: Scientific Discovery as Problem Solving | |
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| The Wright Brothers' Invention of the Airplane | |
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| Thomas Edison as a Creative Thinker: Themes and Variations Based on Analogy | |
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| James Watt's Invention of the Steam Engine | |
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| Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin | |
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| Ordinary Thinking in Invention: Summary | |
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| Case Studies of Creativity: Conclusions | |
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| The Question of Insight in Problem Solving | |
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| Outline of the Chapter | |
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| The Gestalt Analysis of Insight: Problem Solving and Perception | |
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| Evidence to Support the Gestalt View | |
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| The Neo-Gestalt View: Heuristic-Based Restructuring in Response to Impasse | |
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| Challenges to the Gestalt View | |
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| An Elaboration of the Cognitive-Analytic Model to Deal with Restructuring and Insight | |
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| A Critical Reexamination of Evidence in Support of the Gestalt View | |
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| Insight in Problem Solving: Conclusions and Implications | |
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| Out of One's Mind, Part I: Muses, Primary Process, and Madness | |
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| Outline of the Chapter | |
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| Messengers of the Gods | |
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| Primary Process and Creativity | |
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| Genius and Madness: Bipolarity and Creativity | |
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| Mood Disorders and Creativity: The Question of Causality | |
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| The Role of Affect in Creativity | |
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| Genius and Madness: Schizophrenia and Creativity | |
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| Social Factors and Genius and Madness | |
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| A Reconsideration of Some Basic Data | |
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| Genius and Madness: Conclusions | |
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| Out of One's Mind, Part II: Unconscious Processing, Incubation, and Illumination | |
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| Outline of the Chapter | |
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| Unconscious Associations and Unconscious Processing | |
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| Poincare's Theory of Unconscious Creative Processes | |
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| Wallas's Stages of the Creative Process | |
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| Hadamard's Studies of Unconscious Thinking in Incubation | |
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| Koestler's Bisociation Theory | |
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| Campbell's Evolutionary Theory of Creativity: Blind Variation and Selective Retention | |
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| Simonton's Chance Configuration Theory | |
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| Csikszentmihalyi's Theory of the Unconscious in Creative Thinking | |
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| Unconscious Thinking in Creativity: Conclusions | |
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| Laboratory Investigations of Incubation and Illumination | |
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| Evidence for Incubation and Illumination: A Critique | |
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| Illumination without Unconscious Processing? | |
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| Incubation, Illumination, and the Unconscious: Conclusions | |
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| The Psychometric Perspective, Part I: Measuring the Capacity to Think Creatively | |
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| Outline of the Chapter | |
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| Guilford and the Modern Psychometric Perspective on Creativity | |
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| Methods of Measuring Creativity | |
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| Cognitive Components of the Creative Process: Testing for Creative-Thinking Ability | |
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| Testing the Tests: The Reliability and Validity of Tests of Creative-Thinking Capacity | |
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| The Generality versus Domain Specificity of Creative-Thinking Skills | |
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| Testing Creativity: Conclusions | |
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| The Psychometric Perspective, Part II: The Search for the Creative Personality | |
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| Creative versus Comparison or Control Groups | |
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| Questions about Method in Studies of the Creative Personality | |
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| A Model of the Role of Creative Personality in Creative Achievement in Science | |
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| Is It Futile to Search for The Creative Personality in the Arts and the Sciences? | |
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| Creativity and the Need to Be Original: A Reexamination of Divergent Thinking and Creativity | |
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| Personality, Cognition, and Creativity Reconsidered: The Question of Openness to Experience and Creativity | |
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| Divergent Thinking and the Creative Personality: Conclusions | |
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| Confluence Models of Creativity | |
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| Outline of the Chapter | |
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| The Social Psychology of Creativity: Amabile's Componential Model | |
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| Economic Theory of Creativity: Buy Low, Sell High | |
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| The Darwinian Theory of Creativity | |
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| Confluence Models of Creativity: Summary | |
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| Understanding Creativity: Where Are We? Where Are We Going? | |
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| Outline of the Chapter | |
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| Ordinary versus Extraordinary Processes in Creativity | |
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| Ordinary Thinking in Creativity | |
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| Extraordinary Processes in Creativity? | |
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| On Using Case Studies to Study Creativity | |
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| Is It Possible to Test the Hypothesis That "Ordinary Thinking" Is the Basis for Creativity? | |
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| On Creative Ideas and Creative People | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |