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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Acronyms | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Definition of Metamaterials (MTMs) and Left-Handed (LH) MTMs | |
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| Theoretical Speculation by Viktor Veselago | |
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| Experimental Demonstration of Left-Handedness | |
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| Further Numerical and Experimental Confirmations | |
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| "Conventional" Backward Waves and Novelty of LH MTMs | |
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| Terminology | |
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| Transmission Line (TL) Approach | |
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| Composite Right/Left-Handed (CRLH) MTMs | |
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| MTMs and Photonic Band-Gap (PBG) Structures | |
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| Historical "Germs" of MTMs | |
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| References | |
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| Fundamentals of LH MTMs | |
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| Left-Handedness from Maxwell's Equations | |
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| Entropy Conditions in Dispersive Media | |
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| Boundary Conditions | |
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| Reversal of Doppler Effect | |
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| Reversal of Vavilov-Cerenkov Radiation | |
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| Reversal of Snell's Law: Negative Refraction | |
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| Focusing by a "Flat LH Lens" | |
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| Fresnel Coefficients | |
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| Reversal of Goos-Hanchen Effect | |
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| Reversal of Convergence and Divergence in Convex and Concave Lenses | |
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| Subwavelength Diffraction | |
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| References | |
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| TL Theory of MTMs | |
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| Ideal Homogeneous CRLH TLs | |
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| Fundamental TL Characteristics | |
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| Equivalent MTM Constitutive Parameters | |
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| Balanced and Unbalanced Resonances | |
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| Lossy Case | |
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| LC Network Implementation | |
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| Principle | |
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| Difference with Conventional Filters | |
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| Transmission Matrix Analysis | |
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| Input Impedance | |
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| Cutoff Frequencies | |
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| Analytical Dispersion Relation | |
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| Bloch Impedance | |
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| Effect of Finite Size in the Presence of Imperfect Matching | |
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| Real Distributed 1D CRLH Structures | |
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| General Design Guidelines | |
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| Microstrip Implementation | |
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| Parameters Extraction | |
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| Experimental Transmission Characteristics | |
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| Conversion from Transmission Line to Constitutive Parameters | |
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| References | |
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| Two-Dimensional MTMs | |
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| Eigenvalue Problem | |
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| General Matrix System | |
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| CRLH Particularization | |
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| Lattice Choice, Symmetry Points, Brillouin Zone, and 2D Dispersion Representations | |
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| Driven Problem by the Transmission Matrix Method (TMM) | |
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| Principle of the TMM | |
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| Scattering Parameters | |
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| Voltage and Current Distributions | |
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| Interest and Limitations of the TMM | |
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| Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) Modeling Method | |
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| TLM Modeling of the Unloaded TL Host Network | |
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| TLM Modeling of the Loaded TL Host Network (CRLH) | |
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| Relationship between Material Properties and the TLM Model Parameters | |
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| Suitability of the TLM Approach for MTMs | |
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| Negative Refractive Index (NRI) Effects | |
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| Negative Phase Velocity | |
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| Negative Refraction | |
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| Negative Focusing | |
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| RH-LH Interface Surface Plasmons | |
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| Reflectors with Unusual Properties | |
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| Distributed 2D Structures | |
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| Description of Possible Structures | |
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| Dispersion and Propagation Characteristics | |
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| Parameter Extraction | |
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| Distributed Implementation of the NRI Slab | |
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| References | |
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| Guided-Wave Applications | |
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| Dual-Band Components | |
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| Dual-Band Property of CRLH TLs | |
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| Quarter-Wavelength TL and Stubs | |
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| Passive Component Examples: Quadrature Hybrid and Wilkinson Power Divider | |
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| Quadrature Hybrid | |
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| Wilkinson Power Divider | |
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| Nonlinear Component Example: Quadrature Subharmonically Pumped Mixer | |
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| Enhanced-Bandwidth Components | |
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| Principle of Bandwidth Enhancement | |
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| Rat-Race Coupler Example | |
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| Super-compact Multilayer "Vertical" TL | |
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| "Vertical" TL Architecture | |
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| TL Performances | |
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| Diplexer Example | |
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| Tight Edge-Coupled Coupled-Line Couplers (CLCs) | |
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| Generalities on Coupled-Line Couplers | |
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| TEM and Quasi-TEM Symmetric Coupled-Line Structures with Small Interspacing: Impedance Coupling (IC) | |
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| Non-TEM Symmetric Coupled-Line Structures with Relatively Large Spacing: Phase Coupling (PC) | |
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| Summary on Symmetric Coupled-Line Structures | |
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| Asymmetric Coupled-Line Structures | |
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| Advantages of MTM Couplers | |
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| Symmetric Impedance Coupler | |
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| Asymmetric Phase Coupler | |
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| Negative and Zeroth-Order Resonator | |
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| Principle | |
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| LC Network Implementation | |
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| Zeroth-Order Resonator Characteristics | |
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| Circuit Theory Verification | |
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| Microstrip Realization | |
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| References | |
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| Radiated-Wave Applications | |
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| Fundamental Aspects of Leaky-Wave Structures | |
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| Principle of Leakage Radiation | |
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| Uniform and Periodic Leaky-Wave Structures | |
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| Uniform LW Structures | |
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| Periodic LW Structures | |
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| Metamaterial Leaky-Wave Structures | |
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| Backfire-to-Endfire (BE) Leaky-Wave (LW) Antenna | |
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| Electronically Scanned BE LW Antenna | |
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| Electronic Scanning Principle | |
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| Electronic Beamwidth Control Principle | |
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| Analysis of the Structure and Results | |
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| Reflecto-Directive Systems | |
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| Passive Retro-Directive Reflector | |
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| Arbitrary-Angle Frequency Tuned Reflector | |
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| Arbitrary-Angle Electronically Tuned Reflector | |
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| Two-Dimensional Structures | |
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| Two-Dimensional LW Radiation | |
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| Conical-Beam Antenna | |
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| Full-Space Scanning Antenna | |
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| Zeroth Order Resonating Antenna | |
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| Dual-Band CRLH-TL Resonating Ring Antenna | |
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| Focusing Radiative "Meta-Interfaces" | |
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| Heterodyne Phased Array | |
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| Nonuniform Leaky-Wave Radiator | |
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| References | |
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| The Future of MTMs | |
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| "Real-Artificial" Materials: the Challenge of Homogenization | |
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| Quasi-Optical NRI Lenses and Devices | |
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| Three-Dimensional Isotropic LH MTMs | |
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| Optical MTMs | |
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| "Magnetless" Magnetic MTMs | |
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| Terahertz Magnetic MTMs | |
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| Surface Plasmonic MTMs | |
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| Antenna Radomes and Frequency Selective Surfaces | |
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| Nonlinear MTMs | |
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| Active MTMs | |
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| Other Topics of Interest | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |