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Preface | |
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Introduction | |
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Fusion Welding Processes | |
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Overview | |
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Oxyacetylene Welding | |
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Shielded Metal Arc Welding | |
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Gas-Tungsten Arc Welding | |
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Plasma Arc Welding | |
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Gas-Metal Arc Welding | |
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Flux-Core Arc Welding | |
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Submerged Arc Welding | |
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Electroslag Welding | |
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Electron Beam Welding | |
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Laser Beam Welding | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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Heat Flow in Welding | |
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Heat Source | |
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Analysis of Heat Flow in Welding | |
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Effect of Welding Parameters | |
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Weld Thermal Simulator | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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Chemical Reactions in Welding | |
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Overview | |
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Gas-Metal Reactions | |
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Slag-Metal Reactions | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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Fluid Flow and Metal Evaporation in Welding | |
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Fluid Flow in Arcs | |
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Fluid Flow in Weld Pools | |
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Metal Evaporation | |
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Active Flux GTAW | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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Residual Stresses, Distortion, and Fatigue | |
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Residual Stresses | |
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Distortion | |
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Fatigue | |
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Case Studies | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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The Fusion Zone | |
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Basic Solidification Concepts | |
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Solute Redistribution during Solidification | |
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Solidification Modes and Constitutional Supercooling | |
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Microsegregation and Banding | |
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Effect of Cooling Rate | |
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Solidification Path | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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Weld Metal Solidification I: Grain Structure | |
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Epitaxial Growth at Fusion Boundary | |
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Nonepitaxial Growth at Fusion Boundary | |
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Competitive Growth in Bulk Fusion Zone | |
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Effect of Welding Parameters on Grain Structure | |
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Weld Metal Nucleation Mechanisms | |
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Grain Structure Control | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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Weld Metal Solidification II: Microstructure within Grains | |
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Solidification Modes | |
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Dendrite and Cell Spacing | |
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Effect of Welding Parameters | |
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Refining Microstructure within Grains | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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Post-Solidification Phase Transformations | |
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Ferrite-to-Austenite Transformation in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds | |
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Austenite-to-Ferrite Transformation in Low-Carbon, Low-Alloy Steel Welds | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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Weld Metal Chemical Inhomogeneities | |
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Microsegregation | |
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Banding | |
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Inclusions and Gas Porosity | |
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Inhomogeneities Near Fusion Boundary | |
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Macrosegregation in Bulk Weld Metal | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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Weld Metal Solidification Cracking | |
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Characteristics, Cause, and Testing | |
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Metallurgical Factors | |
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Mechanical Factors | |
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Reducing Solidification Cracking | |
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Case Study: Failure of a Large Exhaust Fan | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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The Partially Melted Zone | |
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Formation of the Partially Melted Zone | |
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Evidence of Liquation | |
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Liquation Mechanisms | |
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Directional Solidification of Liquated Material | |
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Grain Boundary Segregation | |
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Grain Boundary Solidification Modes | |
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Partially Melted Zone in Cast Irons | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Difficulties Associated with the Partially Melted Zone | |
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Liquation Cracking | |
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Loss of Strength and Ductility | |
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Hydrogen Cracking | |
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Remedies | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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The Heat-Affected Zone | |
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Work-Hardened Materials | |
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Background | |
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Recrystallization and Grain Growth in Welding | |
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Effect of Welding Parameters and Process | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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Precipitation-Hardening Materials I: Aluminum Alloys | |
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Background | |
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Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Mg-Si Alloys | |
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Al-Zn-Mg Alloys | |
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Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloys | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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Precipitation-Hardening Materials II: Nickel-Base Alloys | |
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Background | |
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Reversion of Precipitate and Loss of Strength | |
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Postweld Heat Treatment Cracking | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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Transformation-Hardening Materials: Carbon and Alloy Steels | |
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Phase Diagram and CCT Diagrams | |
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Carbon Steels | |
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Low-Alloy Steels | |
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Hydrogen Cracking | |
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Reheat Cracking | |
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Lamellar Tearing | |
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Case Studies | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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Corrosion-Resistant Materials: Stainless Steels | |
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Classification of Stainless Steels | |
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Austenitic Stainless Steels | |
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Ferritic Stainless Steels | |
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Martensitic Stainless Steels | |
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Case Study: Failure of a Pipe | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Problems | |
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Index | |