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Preface | |
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Introduction | |
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A World in Crisis: Environment and Humanity in the Twenty-First Century | |
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Introduction | |
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Prospects for the Next Century | |
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The Concept of Development | |
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Earth's Capacity to Support Humans | |
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Limits to Growth | |
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Your Role in the Global Environmental Community | |
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Preparing to Understand Environmental Geography | |
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Introduction | |
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The Scope of Environmental Geography | |
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The Global Context and Setting | |
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Our Geographically Integrated Planet | |
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Human Use of the Earth | |
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The Roles of Human Values and Environmental Regulations | |
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Environment, Land Use, and Sustainable Development | |
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Introduction | |
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The Growing Environmental Impact of Human Activity | |
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Sustainable Land Use: The Key to Environmental Management | |
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Necessary Changes in Resource Policies for Sustainability | |
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Constraints on Achieving Sustainable Land Use | |
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Some Geographic Requisites for Sustainability | |
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A Grass-Roots Effort at Sustainable Land Use | |
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The Spread and Development of Human Population | |
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Introduction | |
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Human Dispersal and Adaptation | |
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The Rise of Human Populations | |
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Frontier Environments and the Modern Threat | |
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The Wet Tropics | |
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The Dry Lands | |
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The Cold Lands | |
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The Mountain Lands | |
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The Continental Shelves | |
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Global Cycles and Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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The General Organization of the Earth's Environments | |
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The Source of Energy for the Earth's Environments | |
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The Major Energy Systems of Earth | |
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The Cycle of Matter in Ecosystems | |
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Interrelations in Environmental Systems | |
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The Gaia Concept | |
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Ecosystems and the Bioclimatic Environment | |
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Introduction | |
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Basic Form and Function of an Ecosystem | |
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Plant Productivity: Feeding Ecosystems | |
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Types of Ecosystems and Their Characteristics | |
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Ecosystem Patterns and Distributions | |
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Models of Spatial Dynamics in Ecosystems | |
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Land Use as Ecosystems | |
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Human Impact and Disturbance of Ecosystems | |
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The Human Population: Trends and Patterns | |
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Introduction | |
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Historical Perspective of Population Trends | |
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Population Patterns and Trends | |
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Fertility, Age, Structure, and Population Momentum | |
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Family Planning Programs in the Developing World | |
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A Worldwide Program to Stabilize World Population--A New Approach | |
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Migration: Where Do People Go? | |
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Problems Faced by Developing Countries with Rapidly Growing Populations | |
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Perceived Problems in Developed Countries with Stable or Declining Populations | |
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Two Alternative Views of Future Population Trends | |
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Agriculture, Food Production, and Hunger | |
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Introduction | |
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Cultural Evolution and the Development of Global Agriculture | |
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Industrialization and the Changing Nature of Agriculture | |
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Food Choices: The Plants and Animals that Feed the World | |
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Systems of Agricultural Production | |
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A Geographic Perspective on World Hunger and Malnutrition | |
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New Horizons in World Agriculture: The Green Revolution | |
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Agriculture and the Environment | |
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Moving Toward Sustainable Agricultural Production | |
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Can Sustainable Agriculture Supply Future Global Demand? | |
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Energy Generation, Use, and the Environment | |
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Introduction | |
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Global Energy Sources and Uses | |
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Fossil Fuels | |
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Nuclear Power | |
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Renewable and Perpetual Energy Resources | |
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Using Energy More Efficiently | |
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Atmospheric Environment and Land Use | |
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Introduction | |
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The General Composition of Air | |
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Thermal Structure of the Atmosphere | |
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Atmospheric Pressure and General Circulation | |
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Solar Radiation in the Atmosphere | |
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Breakdown of the Solar Beam | |
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Earth's Heat Balance | |
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The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming | |
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The Effects of Urban Climate | |
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Managing the Global Climate | |
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Air Pollution: Patterns, Trends, and Impacts | |
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Introduction | |
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Types of Air Pollution | |
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Sources of Air Pollution | |
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Processes, Patterns, and Scales of Air Pollution | |
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Patterns of Pollution in the Urban Region | |
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Air Pollution Impacts on People and Environment | |
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Air Pollution Control: How Well Are We Doing? | |
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Hydrologic Environment and Land Use | |
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Introduction | |
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The Hydrologic Cycle | |
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Precipitation, Storms, and Their Impact on Environment | |
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Streamflow and Floods | |
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Flood Hazard and Land Use | |
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Groundwater | |
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Lakes, Ponds, and Wetlands | |
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Human Use of Water | |
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Managing Water Resources for Sustained Use | |
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Water Pollution: Patterns, Trends, and Impacts | |
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Introduction | |
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Types of Water Pollution | |
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Measuring Water Pollution | |
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Water Pollution Sources and Distribution Processes | |
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Groundwater Pollution | |
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Pathways and Sinks in the Hydrologic Cycle | |
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Pollution of the Oceans | |
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Pollution Control with Treatment Systems | |
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Hazardous Waste Production and Disposal | |
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Introduction | |
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Types and Sources of Disposable Waste | |
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Traditional Methods of Waste Disposal | |
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Some Consequences of Improper Waste Management | |
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Hazardous Waste Regulation in the United States | |
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Modern Hazardous Waste Disposal Methods | |
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Hazardous Waste Treatment | |
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Waste Reduction and Recycling | |
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Soil, Land, and Land Use | |
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Introduction | |
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Geographic Organization of the Land | |
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Topography and Land Use | |
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The Soil Mantle: Sources of Parent Material | |
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Soil Properties: Key Soil Traits and Components | |
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Soil-Forming Processes: Solum as a Chemical System | |
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Integrated Models of Soil, Land Use, and Environment | |
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Soil Loss by Erosion | |
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Environmental Impacts of Soil Erosion | |
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Biological Diversity and Land Use | |
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Introduction | |
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The Concept of a Species | |
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Genetic Diversity | |
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Species Counts, Estimates, and Extinction Trends | |
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Geographical Biodiversity | |
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Endangered, Threatened, and Protected Species | |
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Ways of Cutting Biodiversity Losses | |
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Open-Land Resources: Forests, Rangelands, Parks, and Preserves | |
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Introduction | |
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Development and Exploitation of Open-Land Resources | |
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Conservation and Preservation of Open-Land Resources | |
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Forests, Woodlands, and Land Use | |
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Rangelands, Herding, and Ranching | |
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The Parks Movement | |
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The Wilderness Movement | |
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Managing the Global Environment | |
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Introduction | |
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Global Environmental Trends at the Beginning of the New Millenium | |
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Progress Toward Substainable Land Use Systems | |
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International Institutions to Manage the Environment | |
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Monitoring Environmental Change with Remote Sensing | |
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Geographic Information Systems | |
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The Role of GIS in Environmental Management | |
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Global Change, Research, and Information Systems | |
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References for Further Reading | |
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Units of Measurements and Conversions | |
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Glossary | |
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Credits | |
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Index | |