| |
| |
| |
| Fundamentals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Engineering Design in Broad Perspective | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Overview of the Subject | |
| |
| |
| |
| Safety Considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ecological Considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Societal Considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overall Design Considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Systems of Units | |
| |
| |
| |
| Methodology for Solving Machine Component Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Work and Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Power | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conservation of Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Load Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Equilibrium Equations and Free-Body Diagrams | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beam Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Locating Critical Sections--Force Flow Concept | |
| |
| |
| |
| Load Division Between Redundant Supports | |
| |
| |
| |
| Force Flow Concept Applied to Redundant Ductile Structures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Static Tensile Test--"Engineering" Stress-Strain Relationships | |
| |
| |
| |
| Implications of the "Engineering" Stress-Strain Curve | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Static Tensile Test--"True" Stress-Strain Relationships | |
| |
| |
| |
| Energy-Absorbing Capacity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Estimating Strength Properties from Penetration Hardness Tests | |
| |
| |
| |
| Use of "Handbook" Data for Material Strength Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
| Machinability | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cast Iron | |
| |
| |
| |
| Steel | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nonferrous Alloys | |
| |
| |
| |
| Plastics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Statie Body Stresses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Axial Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Direct Shear Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Torsional Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pure Bending Loading, Straight Beams | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pure Bending Loading, Curved Beams | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transverse Shear Loading in Beams | |
| |
| |
| |
| Induced Stresses, Mohr Circle Representation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Combined Stresses--Mohr Circle Representation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stress Equations Related to Mohr's Circle | |
| |
| |
| |
| Three-Dimensional Stresses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stress Concentration Factor (K) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Importance of Stress Concentration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Residual Stresses Caused by Yielding--Axial Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Residual Stresses Caused by Yielding--Bending and Torsional Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermal Stresses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Importance of Residual Stresses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Elastic Strain, Deflection, and Stability | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Strain Definition, Measurement, and Mohr Circle Representation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of Strain--Equiangular Rosettes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of Strain--Rectangular Rosettes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Elastic Stress-Strain Relationships and Three-Dimensional Mohr Circles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Deflection and Spring Rate--Simple Cases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beam Deflection | |
| |
| |
| |
| Determining Elastic Deflections by Castigliano's Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Redundant Reactions by Castigliano's Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Euler Column Buckling--Elastic Instability | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effective Column Length for Various End Conditions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Column Design Equations--J. B. Johnson Parabola | |
| |
| |
| |
| Eccentric Column Loading--the Secant Formula | |
| |
| |
| |
| Equivalent Column Stresses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Types of Buckling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Finite Element Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Failure Theories, Safety Factors, and Reliability | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Types of Failure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fracture Mechanics--Basic Concepts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fracture Mechanics--Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
| The "Theory" of Static Failure Theories | |
| |
| |
| |
| Maximum-Normal-Stress Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Maximum-Shear-Stress Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Maximum-Distortion-Energy Theory (Maximum-Octahedral-Shear-Stress Theory) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Modified Mohr Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Selection and Use of Failure Theories | |
| |
| |
| |
| Safety Factors--Concept and Definition | |
| |
| |
| |
| Safety Factors--Selection of a Numerical Value | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reliability | |
| |
| |
| |
| Normal Distributions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interference Theory of Reliability Prediction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Impact | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stress and Deflection Caused by Linear and Bending Impact | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stress and Deflection Caused by Torsional Impact | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effect of Stress Raisers on Impact Strength | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fatigue | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Concepts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Standard Fatigue Strengths (S) for Rotating Bending | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fatigue Strengths for Reversed Bending and Reversed Axial Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fatigue Strength for Reversed Torsional Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fatigue Strength for Reversed Biaxial Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Influence of Surface and Size on Fatigue Strength | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary of Estimated Fatigue Strengths for Completely Reversed Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effect of Mean Stress on Fatigue Strength | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effect of Stress Concentration with Completely Reversed Fatigue Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effect of Stress Concentration with Mean Plus Alternating Loads | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fatigue Life Prediction with Randomly Varying Loads | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effect of Surface Treatments on the Fatigue Strength of a Part | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Surface Treatments--Shot Peening and Others | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermal and Chemical Surface-Hardening Treatments (Induction Hardening, Carburizing, and Others) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Surface Damage | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Corrosion: Fundamentals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Corrosion: Electrode and Electrolyte Heterogeneity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design for Corrosion Control | |
| |
| |
| |
| Corrosion Plus Static Stress | |
| |
| |
| |
| Corrosion Plus Cyclic Stress | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cavitation Damage | |
| |
| |
| |
| Types of Wear | |
| |
| |
| |
| Adhesive Wear | |
| |
| |
| |
| Abrasive Wear | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fretting | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analytical Approach to Wear | |
| |
| |
| |
| Curved-Surface Contact Stresses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Surface Fatigue Failures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Closure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Threaded Fasteners and Power Screws | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thread Forms, Terminology, and Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Power Screws | |
| |
| |
| |
| Static Screw Stresses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Threaded Fastener Types | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fastener Materials and Methods of Manufacture | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bolt Tightening and Initial Tension | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thread Loosening and Thread Locking | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bolt Tension with External Joint-Separating Force | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bolt (or Screw) Selection for Static Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bolt (or Screw) Selection for Fatigue Loading: Fundamentals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bolt (or Screw) Selection for Fatigue Loading: Using Special Test Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Increasing Bolted-Joint Fatigue Strength | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rivels, Welding, and Bonding | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rivets | |
| |
| |
| |
| Welding Processes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Welded Joints Subjected to Static Axial and Direct Shear Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Welded Joints Subjected to Static Torsional and Bending Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fatigue Considerations in Welded Joints | |
| |
| |
| |
| Brazing and Soldering | |
| |
| |
| |
| Adhesives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Springs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Torsion Bar Springs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Coil Spring Stress and Deflection Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stress and Strength Analysis for Helical Compression Springs--Static Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| End Designs of Helical Compression Springs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Buckling Analysis of Helical Compression Springs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design Procedure for Helical Compression Springs--Static Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design of Helical Compression Springs for Fatigue Loading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Helical Extension Springs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beam Springs (Including Leaf Springs) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Torsion Springs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Miscellaneous Springs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lubrication and Sliding Bearings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Types of Lubricants | |
| |
| |
| |
| Types of Sliding Bearings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Types of Lubrication | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Concepts of Hydrodynamic Lubrication | |
| |
| |
| |
| Viscosity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Temperature and Pressure Effects on Viscosity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Petroff's Equation for Bearing Friction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hydrodynamic Lubrication Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design Charts for Hydrodynamic Bearings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lubricant Supply | |
| |
| |
| |
| Heat Dissipation, and Equilibrium Oil Film Temperature | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bearing Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hydrodynamic Bearing Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| Boundary and Mixed-Film Lubrication | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thrust Bearings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rolling-Element Bearings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comparison of Alternative Means for Supporting Rotating Shafts | |
| |
| |
| |
| History of Rolling-Element Bearings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rolling-Element Bearing Types | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design of Rolling-Element Bearings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fitting of Rolling-Element Bearings | |
| |
| |
| |
| "Catalogue Information" for Rolling-Element Bearings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bearing Selection | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mounting Bearings to Provide Properly for Thrust Load | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spur Gears | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction and History | |
| |
| |
| |
| Geometry and Nomenclature | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interference and Contact Ratio | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gear Force Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gear-Tooth Strength | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Analysis of Gear-Tooth-Bending Stress (Lewis Equation) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Refined Analysis of Gear-Tooth-Bending Strength: Basic Concepts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Refined Analysis of Gear-Tooth-Bending Strength: Recommended Procedure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gear-Tooth Surface Durability--Basic Concepts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gear-Tooth Surface Fatigue Analysis--Recommended Procedure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spur Gear Design Procedures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gear Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gear Trains | |
| |
| |
| |
| Helical, Bevel, and Worm Gears | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Helical-Gear Geometry and Nomenclature | |
| |
| |
| |
| Helical-Gear Force Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Helical-Gear-Tooth-Bending and Surface Fatigue Strengths | |
| |
| |
| |
| Crossed Helical Gears | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bevel Gear Geometry and Nomenclature | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bevel Gear Force Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bevel-Gear-Tooth-Bending and Surface Fatigue Strengths | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bevel Gear Trains; Differential Gears | |
| |
| |
| |
| Worm Gear Geometry and Nomenclature | |
| |
| |
| |
| Worm Gear Force and Efficiency Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Worm-Gear-Bending and Surface Fatigue Strengths | |
| |
| |
| |
| Worm Gear Thermal Capacity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shafts and Associated Parts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Provision for Shaft Bearings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mounting Parts onto Rotating Shafts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rotating-Shaft Dynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overall Shaft Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| Keys, Pins, and Splines | |
| |
| |
| |
| Couplings and Universal Joints | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clutches and Brakes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Disk Clutches | |
| |
| |
| |
| Disk Brakes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Energy Absorption and Cooling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cone Clutches and Brakes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Short-Shoe Drum Brakes | |
| |
| |
| |
| External Long-Shoe Drum Brakes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Internal Long-Shoe Drum Brakes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Band Brakes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
| Miscellaneous Power Trausmission Components | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Flat Belts | |
| |
| |
| |
| V-Belts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Toothed Belts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Roller Chains | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inverted-Tooth Chains | |
| |
| |
| |
| History of Hydrodynamic Drives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fluid Couplings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hydrodynamic Torque Converters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Machine Component Interrelationships--A Case Study | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Description of Original Hydra-Matic Transmission | |
| |
| |
| |
| Free-Body Diagram Determination of Gear Ratios and Component Loads | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gear Design Considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Brake and Clutch Design Considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Miscellaneous Design Considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Units | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conversion Factors for British Gravitational, English, and SI Units | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conversion Factor Equalities Listed by Physical Quantity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Standard SI Prefixes | |
| |
| |
| |
| SI Units and Symbols | |
| |
| |
| |
| Suggested SI Prefixes for Stress Calculations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Suggested SI Prefixes for Linear-Deflection Calculations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Suggested SI Prefixes for Angular-Deflection Calculations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Properties of Sections and Solids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Properties of Sections | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dimensions and Properties of Steel Pipe and Tubing Sections | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mass and Mass Moments of Inertia of Homogeneous Solids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Material Properties and Uses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Physical Properties of Common Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tensile Properties of Some Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Typical Mechanical Properties and Uses of Gray Cast Iron | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Properties and Typical Uses of Mallcable Cast Iron | |
| |
| |
| |
| Average Mechanical Properties and Typical Uses of Ductile (Nodular) Iron | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Properties of Selected Carbon and Alloy Steels | |
| |
| |
| |
| Typical Uses of Plain Carbon Steels | |
| |
| |
| |
| Properties of Some Water-Quenched and Tempered Steels | |
| |
| |
| |
| Properties of Some Oil-Quenched and Tempered Carbon Steels | |
| |
| |
| |
| Properties of Some Oil-Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steels | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effect of Mass on Strength Properties of Steel | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Properties of Some Carburizing Steels | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Properties of Some Wrought Stainless Steels | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Properties of Some Iron-Based Superalloys | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Properties, Characteristics, and Typical Uses of Some Wrought Aluminum Alloys | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tensile Properties, Characteristics, and Typical Uses of Some Cast-Aluminum Alloys | |
| |
| |
| |
| Temper Designations for Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Properties of Some Copper Alloys | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Properties of Some Magnesium Alloys | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Properties of Some Nickel Alloys | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Properties of Some Wrought-Titanium Alloys | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Properties of Some Zinc Casting Alloys | |
| |
| |
| |
| Representative Mechanical Properties of Some Common Plastics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Properties of Some Common Glass-Reinforced and Unreinforced Thermoplastic Resins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Typical Applications of Common Plastics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Material Classes and Selected Members of Each Class | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shear, Moment, and Deflection Equations for Beams | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cantilever Beams | |
| |
| |
| |
| Simply Supported Beams | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beams with Fixed Ends | |
| |
| |
| |
| BASIC Program for Determining Elastic Deflections of Stepped Shafts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fits and Tolerances | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fits and Tolerances for Holes and Shafts | |
| |
| |
| Index | |