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| Foundations | |
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| Why Study Biology? | |
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| Science is a Means of Understanding the World | |
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| Different Disciplines, Different Perspectives, but One World | |
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| The Central Role of Evolution in Biology | |
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| The Multiple Meanings of "Cause" | |
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| Is There a Human Nature? | |
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| The World is Changing Rapidly, and Humans are Responsible | |
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| Synopsis | |
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| Questions for Thought and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Readings | |
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| Charles Darwin and the Origins of Evolutionary Theory | |
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| Charles Darwin | |
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| Five Pillars of Evidence | |
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| Some Common Misconceptions | |
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| Synopsis | |
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| Questions for Thought and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Cells and the Molecules of Life | |
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| Life is Organized in Compartments Called Cells | |
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| The Internal Structure of Cells Reflects Different Functions | |
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| The Structure of the Genes Reveals the Basis for Their Replication | |
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| DNA as Coded Information | |
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| How the Genetic Code is Transcribed | |
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| Translation: The Building of Proteins | |
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| Not All Genes are Active at Once: Control of Transcription | |
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| The Behavior of Genes During Cell Division | |
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| Genes and the Fundamental Meaning of Sex | |
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| The Origin of Life | |
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| Synopsis | |
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| Questions for Thought and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Genetic Continuity and Change: Organisms, Environments, and Microevolution | |
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| An Old Mystery | |
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| Blending Inheritance Revisited | |
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| Genes and Environment | |
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| The Hardy-Weinberg Law | |
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| Genetics and Evolutionary Change | |
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| Chance and Contingency in Evolution | |
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| Why the Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics Failed | |
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| Synopsis | |
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| Questions for Thought and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| After Darwin: Molecular Evolution, Selection, and Adaptation | |
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| The "Modern Synthesis:" Bringing Natural Selection and Genetics Together | |
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| Evolution as Seen Through the Structure of Molecules | |
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| Levels of Selection | |
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| Adaptation | |
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| Questions for Thought and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Evolutionary Social Theory | |
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| The Rudiments of Evolutionary Social Theory | |
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| Altruism Toward Genetic Relatives and the Concept of Kin Selection | |
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| Reciprocal Altruism: Return Effects in the Absence of Close Genetic Relatedness | |
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| Parent-Offspring Conflict | |
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| Sexual Selection | |
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| The Role of Parental Investment in Sexual Selection | |
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| Manipulating the Sex Ratio | |
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| Synopsis | |
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| Questions for Thought and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Evolution in Action | |
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| The Success of Social Insects | |
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| The Power of Kin Selection | |
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| Behavior in Honeybee Societies is Both Complex and Adaptive | |
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| Synopsis | |
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| Questions for Thought and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Parasites, Hosts, and the Evolutionary Warfare of Infectious Disease | |
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| Uninvited Guests | |
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| Evolutionary Views of Infectious Diseases | |
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| Ecological Factors in the Emergence and Spread of Disease | |
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| Evolutionary Epidemiology | |
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| Our Immune System: A Microcosm of Biological Evolution | |
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| Other Ways Hosts Fight Pathogens | |
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| The Red Queen | |
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| Synopsis | |
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| Questions for Thought and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| The Biology of Behavior | |
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| Nervous Systems Generate Behavior | |
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| The First Appearance of Neurons Opened New Evolutionary Possibilities | |
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| Nervous Systems are Constructed of Two Kinds of Cells | |
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| The Special Properties of Nerve Cells Evolved from Basic Features of Cell Membranes | |
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| Axons Carry Signals over Large Distances | |
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| Nerve Cells Communicate with Each Other at Junctions Called Synapses | |
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| Creating Behavior with Neurons | |
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| Cortical Maps | |
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| Processing Visual Information | |
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| Understanding and Communicating Language | |
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| The Right and Left Halves of the Brain are Different | |
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| Neurons Change During Learning | |
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| The Perception of Self | |
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| Synopsis | |
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| Questions for Thought and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Individual Organisms are the Product of Development | |
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| The Understanding of Development is Entering a New Phase | |
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| Egg and Sperm are Elaborately Specialized Cells | |
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| Some Basic Features of Development | |
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| The Emergence of Form: Genes that Control Other Genes | |
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| The Developing Nervous System | |
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| How Sex is Determined in Mammals | |
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| Synopsis | |
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| Questions for Thought and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Behavior as Phenotype | |
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| Behavior and Evolution | |
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| Behavior and Development | |
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| How Much do Animals Know About the World? | |
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| Do Animals Have Culture? | |
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| Genetics and Human Behavior | |
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| Synopsis | |
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| Questions for Thought and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Our Place in Nature | |
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| The Physical Record of Human Origins | |
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| Deciphering History | |
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| Humans and Apes: Genetically Close but Phenotypically Distinct | |
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| Some Snapshots of Human Evolution | |
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| Genetics, Migrations, and the Appearance of Linguistic Diversity | |
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| Synopsis | |
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| Questions for Thought and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Exploring Our Behavioral Heritage | |
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| Reconstructing Behavior | |
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| Social Evolution and Behavior in Our Nearest Relatives, the Great Apes | |
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| Human Social Variation: Unity within Diversity | |
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| Evolutionary Reconstructions and Hypotheses | |
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| Synopsis | |
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| Questions for Thought and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Viewing Human Cultures in an Evolutionary Context | |
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| What is Culture? | |
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| The Adaptive Roots of Cultural Practices | |
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| Reproductive Competition and the Mating System | |
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| Why do Humans Kill Each Other? | |
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| Social Intelligence and Moral Systems | |
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| Synopsis | |
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| Questions for Thought and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Bibiography | |
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| Credits | |
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| Index | |