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Introduction: The European Union | |
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Systematic Survey | |
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Physical Environments | |
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A View from Space | |
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Climate and Weather | |
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The Variability of European Weather | |
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General Climate Considerations | |
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Natural Vegetation | |
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Topography: Mountains, Plateaux, Rivers, Plains, and Goasts | |
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Human Impact on the Environment | |
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Further Reading | |
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Cultural and Historical Geography | |
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Introduction | |
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A Mosaic of Cultures | |
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Languages | |
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Religions | |
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Culture Contrasts | |
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Further Reading | |
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Population, Distribution, Density, Migration and Aging | |
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Introduction | |
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Robert Malthus | |
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Demographic History | |
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The Demographic Transition | |
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Distribution of Population | |
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EU Population Trends | |
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Further Reading | |
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Rural and Urban Settlements | |
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Introduction | |
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The Network of Roman Towns | |
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The Medieval City | |
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The Renaissance City | |
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The Industrial City | |
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Rural Settlement | |
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Settlements in the Modern Era | |
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Ethnic Communities in European Cities | |
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Summary | |
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Further Reading | |
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Economic Geography: Agriculture, Industry, and Services | |
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Introduction | |
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Sectors of the Economy | |
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Agriculture | |
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Industrialization | |
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The Stages of European Economic Growth | |
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The Impact of Globalization | |
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The Impact of the EU on Agriculture, Industry, and Services | |
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Summary | |
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Further Reading | |
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Political Geography | |
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Friedrich Ratzel | |
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Mackinder and Bowman | |
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World War I | |
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Ideas for a United Europe | |
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Totalitarian Regimes and Economic Autarky | |
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The New Order in Europe | |
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New European Boundaries After World War II | |
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The Cold War | |
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Economic Cooperation in Western Europe | |
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EU Enlargement in 1995 | |
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Widening Versus Deepening | |
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Summary | |
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Further Reading | |
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The Core of the European Union | |
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France and the Benelux Countries | |
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Introduction | |
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France | |
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Belgium | |
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The Netherlands | |
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Luxembourg | |
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Further Reading | |
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Germany and Italy | |
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Introduction | |
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Germany | |
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Italy | |
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Summary | |
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Further Reading | |
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Enlargement of EU | |
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Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom | |
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Introduction | |
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Denmark | |
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Ireland | |
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The United Kingdom | |
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Regions of Britain: Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and England | |
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A United Kingdom? | |
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Further Reading | |
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Southern Europe: Greece, Spain, and Portugal | |
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Greece | |
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The Iberian Peninsula-Spain and Portugal | |
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Further Reading | |
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Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, and Finland | |
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Introduction | |
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Austria | |
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Switzerland | |
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Sweden | |
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Norway | |
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Iceland | |
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Finland | |
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Summary | |
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Further Reading | |
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Enlargement in the 21st Century | |
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Eastward Expansion 2004: The Baltics, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Slovenia | |
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Introduction | |
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The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania | |
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Poland | |
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The Czech Republic | |
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Slovakia | |
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Hungary | |
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Slovenia | |
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East Europe Summary | |
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Further Reading | |
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Eastward Expansion 2007: The Balkans | |
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Introduction: The Balkans | |
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Romania | |
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Bulgaria | |
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Croatia | |
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Serbia | |
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Montenegro | |
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Bosnia-Herzegovina | |
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Macedonia | |
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Albania | |
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Balkan Summary | |
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Further Reading | |
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Regional Survey: Russia and Former Soviet Socialist Republics | |
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Belarus, the Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, and Russia | |
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Introduction | |
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Belarus and the Ukraine | |
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Moldova | |
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Georgia | |
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Russia | |
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Summary | |
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Further Reading | |
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The Mediterranean Fringe | |
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Turkey, Cyprus, Malta, and Gibraltar | |
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Introduction | |
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Turkey | |
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Turkey, The Middle East, and Europe | |
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Cyprus, Malta, and Gibraltar | |
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Cyprus | |
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Malta | |
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Gibraltar | |
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The EU in Africa | |
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Islas Canarias | |
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Further Reading | |
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The European Union and the Wider World | |
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The EU in World Affairs | |
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Widening | |
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Deepening | |
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EU External Relations | |
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The Common Agricultural Policy in World Affairs | |
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Imperial Pasts | |
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Decolonization | |
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The European Union and NAFTA | |
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Turkey, the Middle East, and Central Asia | |
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The Euro | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |