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| Preface to third edition | |
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| Preface to second edition | |
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| Preface to first edition | |
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| About the companion website | |
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| The whys and wherefores of statistics | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Aims of the book | |
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| What is statistics? | |
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| Statistics in veterinary and animal science | |
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| Evidence-based veterinary medicine | |
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| Types of variable | |
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| Variations in measurements | |
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| Terms relating to measurement quality | |
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| Populations and samples | |
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| Types of statistical procedures | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Descriptive statistics | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Summarizing data | |
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| Empirical frequency distributions | |
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| Tables | |
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| Diagrams | |
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| Numerical measures | |
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| Reference interval | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Probability and probability distributions | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Probability | |
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| Probability distributions | |
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| Discrete probability distributions | |
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| Continuous probability distributions | |
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| Relationships between distributions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Sampling and sampling distributions | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Distinction between the sample and the population | |
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| Statistical inference | |
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| Sampling distribution of the mean | |
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| Confidence interval for a mean | |
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| Sampling distribution of the proportion | |
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| Confidence interval for a proportion | |
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| Bootstrapping and jackknifing | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Experimental design and clinical trials | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Types of study | |
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| Introducing clinical trials | |
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| Importance of design in the clinical trial | |
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| Control group | |
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| Assignment of animals to the treatment groups | |
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| Avoidance of bias in the assessment procedure | |
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| Increasing the precision of the estimates | |
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| Further considerations | |
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| Exercises | |
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| An introduction to hypothesis testing | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Basic concepts of hypothesis testing | |
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| Type I and Type II errors | |
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| Distinction between statistical and biological significance | |
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| Confidence interval approach to hypothesis testing | |
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| Collecting our thoughts on confidence intervals | |
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| Equivalence and non-inferiority studies | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Hypothesis tests 1 - the t-test: comparing one or two means | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Requirements for hypothesis tests for comparing means | |
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| One-sample t-test | |
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| Two-sample t-test | |
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| Paired t-test | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Hypothesis tests 2 - the F-test: comparing two variances or more than two means | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The F-test for the equality of two variances | |
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| Levene's test for the equality of two or more variances | |
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| Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the equality of means | |
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| One-way analysis of variance | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Hypothesis tests 3 - the Chi-squared test: comparing proportions | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Testing a hypothesis about a single proportion | |
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| Comparing two proportions: independent groups | |
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| Testing associations in an r � c contingency table | |
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| Comparing two proportions: paired observations | |
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| Chi-squared goodness-of-fit test | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Linear correlation and regression | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Introducing linear correlation and regression | |
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| Linear correlation | |
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| Simple (univariable) linear regression | |
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| Regression to the mean | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Further regression analyses | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Multiple (multivariable) linear regression | |
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| Multiple logistic regression: a binary response variable | |
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| Poisson regression | |
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| Regression methods for clustered data | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Non-parametric statistical methods | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Parametric and non-parametric tests | |
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| Sign test | |
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| Wilcoxon signed rank test | |
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| Wilcoxon rank sum test | |
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| Non-parametric analyses of variance | |
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| Spearman's rank correlation coefficient | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Further aspects of design and analysis | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Transformations | |
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| Sample size | |
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| Sequential and interim analysis | |
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| Meta-analysis | |
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| Methods of sampling | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Additional techniques | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Diagnostic tests | |
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| Bayesian analysis | |
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| Measuring agreement | |
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| Measurements at successive points in time | |
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| Survival analysis | |
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| Multivariate analysis | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Some specialized issues and procedures | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Ethical and legal issues | |
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| Spatial statistics and geospatial information systems | |
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| Veterinary surveillance | |
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| Molecular and quantitative genetics | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Evidence-based veterinary medicine | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What is evidence-based veterinary medicine? | |
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| Why has evidence-based veterinary medicine developed? | |
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| What is involved in practising evidence-based veterinary medicine? | |
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| Integrating evidence-based veterinary medicine into clinical practice | |
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| Example | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Reporting guidelines | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Introduction to reporting guidelines (EQUATOR network) | |
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| REFLECT statement (livestock and food safety RCTs) | |
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| ARRIVE guidelines (research using laboratory animals) | |
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| STROBE statement (observational studies) | |
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| STARD statement (diagnostic accuracy) | |
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| PRISMA statement (systematic reviews and meta-analysis) | |
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| Critical appraisal of reported studies | |
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| Learning objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| A template for critical appraisal of published research involving animals | |
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| Paper 1 | |
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| Critical appraisal of paper 1 | |
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| Paper 2 | |
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| Critical appraisal of paper 2 | |
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| General conclusion | |
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| Solutions to exercises | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Statistical tables | |
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| Tables of confidence intervals | |
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| Glossary of notation | |
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| Glossary of terms | |
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| Flowcharts for selection of appropriate tests | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |