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Preface | |
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Acknowledgment | |
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The Scope of the Field of Heterocyclic Chemistry | |
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References | |
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Appendix | |
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Common Ring Systems and the Naming of Heterocyclic Compounds | |
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General | |
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Naming Simple Monocyclic Compounds | |
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Handling the "Extra Hydrogen" | |
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Substituted Monocyclic Compounds | |
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Rings With More Than One Heteroatom | |
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Bicyclic Compounds | |
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Multicyclic Systems | |
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The Replacement Nomenclature System | |
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Saturated Bridged Ring Systems | |
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References | |
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Review Exercises | |
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Nature as A Source of Heterocyclic Compounds | |
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General | |
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Naturally Occurring Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds | |
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Oxygen Compounds | |
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Sulfur and Phosphorus Heterocyclic Compounds in Nature | |
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References | |
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Principles of Synthesis of Aromatic Heterocycles by Intramolecular Cyclization | |
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General | |
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Some of the Classic Synthetic Methods | |
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Cyclizations Involving Metallic Complexes as Catalysts | |
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Cyclizations with Radical Intermediates | |
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Cyclizations by Intramolecular Wittig Reactions | |
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Synthesis of Heterocycles by the Alkene Metathesis Reaction | |
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References | |
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Review Exercises | |
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Synthesis of Heterocyclic Systems By Cycloaddition Reactions | |
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The Diels-Alder Reaction | |
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Dipolar Cycloadditions | |
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[2 + 2] Cycloadditions | |
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References | |
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Review Exercises | |
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Aromaticity and Other Special Properties of Heterocycles: Pi-Deficient Ring Systems | |
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General | |
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Review of the Aromaticity of Benzene | |
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Pi-Deficient Aromatic Heterocycles | |
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References | |
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Review Exercises | |
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Aromaticity And Other Special Properties of Heterocycles: Pi-Excessive Ring Systems and Mesoionic Ring Systems | |
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Pi-Excessive Aromatic Heterocycles | |
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Mesoionic Heterocycles | |
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References | |
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Review Exercises | |
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The Importance of Heterocycles in Medicine | |
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General | |
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Historical | |
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Pyridines | |
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Indoles | |
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Quinolines | |
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Azepines | |
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Pyrimidines | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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References | |
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Synthetic Methods for Some Prominent Heterocyclic Families: Examples of Pharmaceuticals Synthesis | |
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Scope of the Chapter | |
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Pyrroles | |
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Furans | |
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Thiophenes | |
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1,3-Thiazoles | |
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1,3-Oxazoles | |
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Imidazoles | |
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Pyrazoles | |
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1,2,4-Triazoles | |
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Tetrazoles | |
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1,3,4-Thiadiazoles and other 5-Membered Systems | |
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Indole | |
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Pyridines | |
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Quinolines and Isoquinolines | |
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Benzodiazepines | |
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Pyrimidines | |
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Fused Pyrimidines: Purines and Pteridines | |
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1,3,5-Triazines | |
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Multicyclic Compounds | |
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References | |
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Review Exercises | |
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Geometric and Stereochemical Aspects of Nonaromatic Heterocycles | |
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General | |
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Special Properties of Three-Membered Rings | |
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Closing Heterocyclic Rings: Baldwin's Rules | |
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Conformations of Heterocyclic Rings | |
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Chirality Effects on Biological Properties of Heterocycles | |
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References | |
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Review Exercises | |
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Synthetic Heterocyclic Compounds in Agricultural and Other Applications | |
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Heterocyclic Agrochemicals | |
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Applications of Heterocyclic Compounds in Commercial Fields | |
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References | |
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Appendix: Unified Aromaticity Indices (I<sub>A</sub>) of Bird | |
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Index | |