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Introduction | |
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Introduction | |
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Definition and Scope | |
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Relationship to Other Sciences | |
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A Brief History of Toxicology | |
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Dose-Response Relationships | |
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Sources of Toxic Compounds | |
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Movement of Toxicants in the Environment | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Introduction to Biochemical and Molecular Methods in Toxicology | |
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Introduction | |
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Cell Culture Techniques | |
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Molecular Techniques | |
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Immunochemical Techniques | |
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Proteomics | |
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Metabolomics | |
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Bioinformatics | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Classes of Toxicants | |
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Exposure Classes, Toxicants in Air, Water, Soil, Domestic and Occupational Settings | |
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Air Pollutants | |
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Water and Soil Pollutants | |
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Occupational Toxicants | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Classes of Toxicants: Use Classes | |
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Introduction | |
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Metals | |
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Agricultural Chemicals (Pesticides) | |
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Food Additives and Contaminants | |
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Toxins | |
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Solvents | |
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Therapeutic Drugs | |
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Drugs of Abuse | |
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Combustion Products | |
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Cosmetics | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Toxicant Processing In Vivo | |
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Absorption and Distribution of Toxicants | |
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Introduction | |
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Cell Membranes | |
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Mechanisms of Transport | |
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Physicochemical Properties Relevant to Diffusion | |
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Routes of Absorption | |
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Toxicant Distribution | |
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Toxicokinetics | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Metabolism of Toxicants | |
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Introduction | |
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Phase I Reactions | |
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Phase II Reactions | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Reactive Metabolites | |
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Introduction | |
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Activation Enzymes | |
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Nature and Stability of Reactive Metabolites | |
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Fate of Reactive Metabolites | |
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Factors Affecting Toxicity of Reactive Metabolites | |
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Reactive Oxygen Species | |
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Examples of Activating Reactions | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Chemical and Physiological Influences on Xenobiotic Metabolism | |
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Introduction | |
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Nutritional Effects | |
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Physiological Effects | |
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Comparative and Genetic Effects | |
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Chemical Effects | |
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Environmental Effects | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Elimination of Toxicants | |
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Introduction | |
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Transport | |
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Renal Elimination | |
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Hepatic Elimination | |
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Respiratory Elimination | |
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Conclusion | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Toxic Action | |
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Acute Toxicity | |
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Introduction | |
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Acute Exposure and Effect | |
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Dose-Response Relationships | |
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Non-Conventional Dose-Response Relationships | |
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Alternative Methods | |
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Mechanisms of Acute Toxicity | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Chemical Carcinogenesis | |
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DNA Damage and Mutagenesis | |
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General Aspects of Cancer | |
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Human Cancer | |
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Classes of Agents That Are Associated with Carcinogenesis | |
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General Aspects of Chemical Carcinogenesis | |
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Oncogenes | |
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Tumor Suppressor Genes | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Teratogenesis | |
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Introduction | |
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Overview of Embryonic Development | |
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Principles of Teratogenesis | |
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Mechanisms of Teratogenesis | |
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Future Considerations | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Organ Toxicity | |
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Hepatotoxicity | |
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Introduction | |
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Susceptibility of the Liver | |
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Types of Liver Injury | |
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Mechanisms of Hepatotoxicity | |
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Examples of Hepatotoxicants | |
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Metabolic Activation of Hepatotoxicants | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Nephrotoxicity | |
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Introduction | |
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Factors Contributing to Nephrotoxicity | |
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Examples of Nephrotoxicants | |
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Summary | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Toxicology of the Nervous System | |
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Introduction | |
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The Nervous System | |
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Toxicant Effects on the Nervous System | |
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Neurotoxicity Testing | |
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Summary | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Reproductive System | |
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Introduction | |
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The-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis | |
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Male Reproductive Physiology | |
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Disruption of Male Reproduction by Toxicants | |
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Female Reproductive Physiology | |
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Disruption of Female Reproduction by Toxicants | |
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Summary | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Endocrine System | |
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Introduction | |
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Endocrine System | |
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Endocrine Disruption | |
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Incidents of Endocrine Toxicity | |
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Conclusion | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Respiratory Toxicity | |
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Introduction | |
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Anatomy and Function of the Respiratory Tract | |
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Toxicant-Induced Lung Injury, Remodeling and Repair | |
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Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Immunotoxicity | |
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Introduction | |
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The Immune System | |
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Immune Suppression | |
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Classification of Immune-Mediated Injury (Hypersensitivity) | |
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Effects of Chemicals on Allergic Disease | |
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Other Issues: Autoimmunity, and the Developing Immune System | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Applied Toxicology | |
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Toxicity Testing | |
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Introduction | |
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Experimental Administration of Toxicants | |
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Chemical and Physical Properties | |
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Exposure and Environmental Fate | |
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In Vivo Tests | |
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In Vitro and Other Short-Term Tests | |
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Ecological Effects | |
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Risk Analysis | |
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The Future of Toxicity Testing | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Forensic and Clinical Toxicology | |
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Introduction | |
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Forensic Toxicology | |
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Clinical Toxicology | |
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Analytical Methods in Forensic and Clinical Toxicology | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Prevention of Toxicity | |
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Introduction | |
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Legislation and Regulation | |
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Prevention in Different Environments | |
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Education | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Human Health Risk Assessment | |
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Introduction | |
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Risk Assessment Methods | |
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Non-Cancer Risk Assessment | |
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Cancer Risk Assessment | |
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PBPK Modeling | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Environmental Toxicology | |
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Toxicant Analysis | |
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Introduction | |
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Environmental Sample Collection Methods | |
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Analytical Techbiques | |
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Quantification, Quality Assurance and Quality Control | |
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Summary | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Basics of Environmental Toxicology | |
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Introduction | |
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Environmental Persistence | |
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Bioaccumulation | |
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Toxicity | |
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Conclusion | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Transport and Fate of Toxicants in the Environment | |
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Introduction | |
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Sources of Toxicants to the Environment | |
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Transport Processes | |
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Equilibrium Partitioning | |
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Transformation Processes | |
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Environmental Fate Models | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Ecological Risk Assessment | |
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Introduction | |
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Formulating the Problem | |
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Analyzing Exposure and Effects Information | |
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Characterizing Risk | |
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Managing Risk | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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New Approaches in Toxicology | |
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Perspectives on Informatics in Toxicology | |
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Introduction | |
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Transcriptomics | |
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Annotation Resources | |
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Genome Sequencing, Re-sequencing and Genotyping | |
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Epigenomic Profiling | |
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Computation Toxicology | |
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Informatics Tools in Toxicology | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Future Considerations | |
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Introduction | |
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Risk Assessment | |
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Risk Management | |
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Risk Communication | |
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In Vivo Toxicity | |
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In Vitro Toxicity | |
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Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology | |
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Development of Selective Toxicants | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Sample Questions | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |