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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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List of Symbols | |
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Conservation Laws and Continua | |
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Introduction | |
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Conservation Laws: Systems Approach | |
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Conservation Laws: Control Volume Approach | |
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Conservation Laws: Differential Element Approach | |
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Continua | |
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Sources, Sinks, Reactions, and Box Models | |
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Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Bibliography | |
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Low-Concentration Particle Suspensions and Flows | |
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Introduction | |
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Drag on a Sphere | |
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Drag Force on Nonspherical Particles | |
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Low Reynolds Number Particle Dynamics and Stokes' Law | |
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Particle Motions in Electric Fields | |
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Quiescent and Perfect-Mix Batch Sedimentation | |
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Continuous Sedimentation Processes | |
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Inertial Forces on Particles and Stopping Distance | |
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Inertial Forces in Particle Flows | |
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Rotating Flows | |
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Centrifugation | |
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Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Bibliography | |
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Interactions of Small Charged Particles | |
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Introduction | |
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Importance of Surface | |
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Acquisition of Surface Charge | |
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Particle Size, Shape, and Polydispersity | |
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The Double Layer and Colloidal Stability | |
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The Schulze-Hardy Rule | |
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Electrophoresis and Zeta Potential | |
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Particle Collision and Fast Coagulation | |
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Slow Coagulation | |
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Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Bibliography | |
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Adsorption, Partitioning, and Interfaces | |
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Introduction | |
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Accumulation of Solutes at Interfaces | |
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Adsorption at Solid-Liquid and Solid-Gas Interfaces | |
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Adsorption Isotherms | |
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Linear Equilibrium Partitioning Between Two Phases | |
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Partitioning and Separation in Flow Systems | |
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Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Bibliography | |
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Basic Fluid Mechanics of Environmental Transport | |
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Introduction | |
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The Joy of Fluid Mechanics | |
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The Navier-Stokes Equations | |
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Fluid Statics and the Buoyancy Force | |
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Capillarity and Interfacial Tension | |
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The Modified Pressure and Free-Surface Flows | |
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Steady Unidirectional Circular Streamline Flows | |
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Fluid Shear Stresses and the Viscosity of Newtonian Fluids | |
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Slip Flow | |
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Field-Flow Fractionation | |
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Nonsteady Unidirectional Flows: Stokes' First Problem | |
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Low Reynolds Number Flows | |
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Ideal Fluids, Potential Flows, and Stream Functions | |
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The Bernoulli Equation | |
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Steady Viscous Momentum Boundary Layers | |
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Turbulent Flows | |
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Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Bibliography | |
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Diffusive Mass Transport | |
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Introduction | |
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Thermodynamics of Diffusion | |
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Fick's First Law and General Diffusive Transport | |
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The Diffusion Coefficient | |
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Steady-State Diffusion Problems with No Overall Diffusive Mass Transfer | |
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Steady-State Mass Balances Over Differential Elements | |
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Fick's Second Law and Nonsteady-State Diffusion | |
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Effective Diffusion Coefficients in Porous Media | |
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Hindered Diffusion | |
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When Chemicals Diffuse Against a Concentration Gradient | |
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Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Bibliography | |
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Convective Diffusion, Dispersion, and Mass Transfer | |
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Introduction and Simple Example of Convective Diffusion | |
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The Convective-Diffusion Equation | |
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Mass Transport in Steady Laminar Flow in a Cylindrical Tube | |
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Taylor-Aris Dispersion | |
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Turbulent Dispersion: The Lagrangian Approach | |
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Turbulent Dispersion: The Eulerian Approach | |
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Mass Transfer in Laminar Flow Along Reacting or Dissolving Solid Surfaces | |
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Mass-Transfer Coefficients, Models, and Correlations for Laminar and Turbulent Flows | |
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Interphase Mass Transport and Resistance Models | |
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Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Filtration and Mass Transport in Porous Media | |
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Introduction | |
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Porosity, Velocity, and Porous Media Continua | |
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Coefficients of Mechanical, Molecular, and Hydrodynamic Dispersion | |
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Porous Media Dispersion Equation in a Homogeneous Isotropic Medium | |
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Solution of the Dispersion Equation in an Infinite One-Dimensional Medium | |
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Analytical Chromatography | |
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Filtration | |
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Osmotic Pressure and Reverse Osmosis | |
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Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Bibliography | |
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Reaction Kinetics | |
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Introduction | |
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First-Order Reactions | |
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Second-Order Reactions | |
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Pseudo-First-Order Reactions | |
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Zero-Order Reactions | |
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Elementary and Nonelementary Reactions | |
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Simple Series and Parallel Reactions | |
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Reversible Reactions | |
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Characteristic Reaction Times | |
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Arrhenius' Law and the Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate | |
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The Fastest Reactions: Diffusion-Controlled Reactions | |
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Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Bibliography | |
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Mixing and Reactor Modeling | |
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Introduction | |
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Simple Closed-Reactor and Residence-Time Distributions | |
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Measurement of Residence-Time Distributions | |
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Residence-Time Distributions from Discrete Data | |
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Perfect Mixing and Ideal Plug Flow | |
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F, W, and Disinfection | |
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Moments of Residence-Time Distributions | |
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Other Residence-Time Models | |
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Axial-Dispersion Model | |
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Fitting Residence-Time Distributions to Data | |
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Mixing and Reactions | |
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Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Bibliography | |
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S I Units and Physical Constants | |
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Bibliography | |
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Review of Vectors | |
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Bibliography | |
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Equations of Fluid Mechanics and Convective Diffusion in Rectangular, Cylindrical, and Spherical Coordinates | |
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Bibliography | |
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Physical Properties of Water and Air | |
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Bibliography | |
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Index | |