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| Green Chemistry and Engineering in the Context of Sustainability | |
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| Why Green Chemistry? | |
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| Green Chemistry, Green Engineering and Sustainability | |
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| Until Death Do Us Part: A Marriage of Disciplines | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Green Chemistry and Green Engineering Principles | |
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| Green Chemistry Principles | |
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| Twelve More Green Chemistry Principles | |
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| Twelve Principles of Green Engineering | |
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| The San Destin Declaration - Principles of Green Engineering | |
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| Simplifying the Principles | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Starting with the Basics: Integrating Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) | |
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| Environmental Issues of Importance | |
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| Health Issues of Importance | |
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| Safety Issues of Importance | |
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| Hazard and Risk | |
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| An Integrated perspective to Environment, Health and Safety | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| How do we know it's Green? - A Metrics Primer | |
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| General Considerations about Green Chemistry and Engineering Metrics | |
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| Chemistry metrics | |
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| Process Metrics | |
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| Cost implications and Green Chemistry Metrics | |
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| A Final Word on Green Metrics | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Route and Chemistry Selection | |
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| The Challenge of Synthetic Chemistry | |
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| Making Molecules | |
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| Using Different Chemistries | |
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| Route Strategy | |
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| Protection/Deprotection | |
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| Going from a route to a process | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Material Selection: Solvents, Catalysts, Reagents | |
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| Solvents and Solvent Selection Strategies | |
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| Environment, Health and Safety Hazards of Organic Solvents | |
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| Catalysts and Catalyst Selection Strategies | |
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| Other Reagents | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Reaction Conditions and Green Chemistry | |
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| Stoichiometry | |
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| Design of experiments | |
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| Temperature | |
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| Solvent use | |
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| Solvents and Energy Use | |
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| Reaction and processing time | |
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| Order and Rate of Reagent Addition | |
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| Mixing | |
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| Appendix 7.1: Common Practices in Batch Chemical Processing and their Green Chemistry Impacts | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Bioprocesses | |
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| How Biotechnology has been used | |
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| Are Bioprocesses Green? | |
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| What is involved in bioprocessing? | |
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| Examples of Products obtained from Bioprocessing | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Mass and Energy Balances | |
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| Why do we need Mass Balances, Energy Balances, Process Flow Diagrams? | |
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| Type of Processes | |
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| Process Flow Diagams | |
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| Mass Balances | |
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| Energy Balances | |
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| Measuring 'Greenness' of a Process through Energy and Mass Balances | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| The Scale-up effect | |
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| The scale-up problem | |
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| Factors affecting scale-up | |
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| Scale-up tools | |
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| Numbering up vs. scaling up | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Reactors and Separations | |
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| Reactors and Separations in Green Engineering | |
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| Reactors | |
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| Separations and Other Unit Operations | |
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| Batch vs. Continuous | |
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| Does size matter? | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Process Synthesis | |
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| Process Synthesis | |
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| Process Synthesis Approaches and Green Engineering | |
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| Evolutionary Techniques | |
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| Heuristics Methods | |
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| Hierarchical Decomposition | |
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| Superstructure and Multi-Objective Optimization | |
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| Synthesis of Sub-systems | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Mass and Energy Integration | |
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| Process Integration: Synthesis, Analysis and Optimization | |
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| Energy Integration | |
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| Mass Integration | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Inherent Safety | |
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| Inherent safety vs "traditional" process safety | |
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| What is inherent safety or inherently safer design? | |
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| Inherent Safety in Route Strategy and Process Design | |
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| Conclusions on Inherent Safety | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Process Intensification | |
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| Process Intensification | |
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| Process Intensification Technologies | |
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| Process Intensification Techniques | |
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| Perspectives on Process Intensification | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Life Cycle Inventory and Assessment Concepts | |
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| What are Life Cycle Inventory and Assessment | |
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| LCI/A Methodology | |
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| Interpretation - Making Decisions with LCI/A | |
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| Streamlined Life Cycle Assessment | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Impacts of Materials and Procurement | |
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| Life Cycle Management | |
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| Chemical trees and Supply Chains - just where does this stuff come from? | |
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| "Green Procurement" | |
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| Transportation Impacts | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Impacts of Energy Requirements | |
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| Where do we get our energy from? | |
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| Environmental Life Cycle Emissions and Impacts of Energy Generation | |
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| From Emissions to Impacts | |
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| Energy Requirements for Waste Treatment | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Impacts of Waste and Waste Treatment | |
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| Environmental Fate and Effects Data | |
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| Environmental Fate Information - Physical Properties | |
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| Environmental Fate Information - Transformation and Depletion Mechanisms | |
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| Environmental Effects Information | |
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| Environmental Risk Assessment | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Total Cost Assessment | |
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| Background of Total Cost Assessment | |
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| What is Total Cost Assessment? | |
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| The relationship between Life Cycle Inventory/Assessment and Total Cost Assessment | |
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| Timing of a Total Cost Assessment | |
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| The Total Cost Assessment Methodology | |
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| Total Cost Assessment in the Green Chemistry Context | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Emerging Materials | |
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| Emerging Materials | |
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| Nanomaterials | |
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| Bioplastics/biopolymers | |
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| About new 'green' materials | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Renewable Resources | |
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| Why do we need Renewable Resources | |
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| Renewable Materials | |
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| The Biorefinery | |
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| Renewable Energy | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Evaluating Technologies | |
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| Why do we need to evaluate technologies and processes comprehensively? | |
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| Comparing Technologies and Processes | |
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| One way to Comparing Technologies | |
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| Trade-offs | |
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| Advantages and Limitations of Comparing Technologies | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Industrial Ecology | |
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| Background and Definitions on Industrial Ecology | |
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| Principles and Concepts of Industrial Ecology and Design | |
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| Industrial Ecology and Design | |
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| Industrial Ecology in Practice | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Tying it all together - Is Sustainability Possible? | |
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| Can Green Chemistry and Engineering Enable Sustainability? | |
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| Sustainability, Culture and Policy | |
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| Influencing Sustainability | |
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| Moving to Action | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |