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| Acknowledgements | |
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| List of Acronyms | |
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| Series Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Review of Fuel Systems Issues | |
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| Basic Fuel System Characteristics and Functions | |
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| Fuel Quantity Measurement | |
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| Fuel Properties and Environmental Issues | |
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| The Fuel System Design and Development Process | |
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| Program Management | |
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| Design and Development Support Tools | |
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| Functional Maturity | |
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| Testing and Certification | |
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| Fuel System Examples and Future Technologies | |
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| Terminology | |
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| Fuel System Design Drivers | |
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| Design Drivers | |
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| Intended Aircraft Mission | |
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| Dispatch Reliability Goals | |
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| Fuel Tank Boundaries and Tank Location Issues | |
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| Measurement and Management System Functional Requirements | |
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| Electrical Power Management Architecture and Capacity | |
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| Identification and Mitigation of Safety Risks | |
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| Fuel System Risks | |
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| Fuel Storage | |
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| Tank Geometry and Location Issues for Commercial Aircraft | |
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| Operational Considerations | |
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| CG Shift due to Fuel Storage | |
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| Unusable Fuel | |
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| Fuel Tank Venting | |
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| Vent System Sizing | |
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| Military Aircraft Fuel Storage Issues | |
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| Drop Tanks and Conformal Tanks | |
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| Closed Vent Systems | |
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| Maintenance Considerations | |
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| Access | |
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| Contamination | |
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| Fuel System Functions of Commercial Aircraft | |
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| Refueling and Defueling | |
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| Pressure Refueling | |
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| Defueling | |
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| Engine and APU Feed | |
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| Feed Tank and Engine Location Effects | |
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| Feed Pumping Systems | |
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| Feed Tank Scavenging | |
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| Negative g Considerations | |
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| Crossfeed | |
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| Integrated Feed System Solution | |
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| Feed System Design Practices | |
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| Fuel Transfer | |
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| Fuel Burn Scheduling | |
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| Wing Load Alleviation | |
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| Fuel Transfer System Design Requirements | |
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| Fuel Jettison | |
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| Jettison System Example | |
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| Fuel Quantity Gauging | |
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| Architectural Considerations | |
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| Fuel Load Planning | |
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| Leak Detection | |
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| Fuel Management and Control | |
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| Refuel Distribution | |
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| In-flight Fuel Management | |
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| Fuel Management System Architecture Considerations | |
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| Flight Deck Displays, Warnings and Advisories | |
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| Ancillary Systems | |
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| Fuel System Functions of Military Aircraft and Helicopters | |
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| Refueling and Defueling | |
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| Pressure Refueling | |
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| Defueling | |
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| Engine and APU Feed | |
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| Fuel Transfer | |
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| Aerial Refueling | |
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| Design and Operational Issues Associated with Aerial Refueling | |
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| Flying Boom System | |
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| Probe and Drogue Systems | |
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| Fuel Measurement and Management Systems in Military Applications | |
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| KC-135 Aerial Refueling Tanker Fuel Measurement and Management System | |
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| Helicopter Fuel Systems | |
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| Fluid Mechanical Equipment | |
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| Ground Refueling and Defueling Equipment | |
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| Refueling and Defueling Adaptors | |
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| Refuel Shut-off Valves | |
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| Fuel Transfer Valves | |
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| Fuel Tank Venting and Pressurization Equipment | |
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| Aerial Refueling Equipment | |
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| The Flying Boom System Equipment | |
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| The Probe and Drogue System Equipment | |
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| Equipment Sizing | |
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| Valve Configuration and Pressure Drop Estimation | |
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| Fuel Pumps | |
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| Ejector Pumps | |
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| Motor-driven pumps | |
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| Fuel Measurement and Management Equipment | |
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| Fuel Gauging Sensor Technology | |
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| Capacitance Gauging | |
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| Ultrasonic Gauging | |
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| Density Sensor Technology | |
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| Level Sensing | |
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| Secondary Gauging | |
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| Harnesses | |
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| In-Tank Harnesses | |
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| Out-Tank Harnesses | |
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| Avionics Equipment | |
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| Requirements | |
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| Data Concentration | |
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| Avionics Integration | |
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| Integration of Fuel Management | |
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| Fuel Quantity Display | |
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| Fuel Properties | |
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| The Refinement Process | |
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| Fuel Specification Properties of Interest | |
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| Distillation Process Limits | |
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| Flashpoint | |
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| Vapor Pressure | |
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| Viscosity | |
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| Freeze Point | |
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| Density | |
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| Thermal Stability | |
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| Operational Considerations | |
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| Fuel Temperature Considerations-Feed and Transfer | |
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| Fuel Property Issues Associated with Quantity Gauging | |
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| Intrinsic Safety, Electro Magnetics and Electrostatics | |
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| Intrinsic Safety | |
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| Threats from Energy Storage within the Signal Conditioning Avionics | |
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| Lightning | |
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| Threats from Induced Transients in Electronic Equipment | |
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| Protecting the Signal Conditioning Avionics from Lightning | |
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| EMI/HIRF | |
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| Threats from HIRE Energy Transfer | |
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| Protecting the Signal Conditioning Avionics from HIRF | |
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| Electrostatics | |
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| Fuel Tank Inerting | |
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| Early Military Inerting Systems | |
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| Current Technology Inerting Systems | |
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| Military Aircraft Inerting Systems | |
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| Commercial Aircraft Inerting Systems | |
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| Design Considerations for Open Vent Systems | |
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| Operational Issues with Permeable Membrane Inerting Systems | |
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| Fiber In-service Performance | |
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| Separator Performance Measurement | |
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| NEA Distribution | |
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| Design Development and Certification | |
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| Evolution of the Design and Development Process | |
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| System Design and Development - a Disciplined Methodology | |
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| The 'V' Diagram | |
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| Software Development | |
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| Program Management | |
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| Supplier Team Organization | |
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| Risk Management | |
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| Management Activities | |
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| Maturity Management | |
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| Installation Considerations | |
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| Modeling and Simulation | |
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| Certification | |
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| Certification of Commercial Aircraft Fuel Systems | |
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| Flight Test Considerations | |
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| Certification of Military Aircraft Fuel Systems | |
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| Fuel System Icing Tests | |
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| Icing Test Rigs | |
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| Fuel Conditioning | |
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| Fuel System Design Examples | |
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| The Bombardier Global ExpressTM | |
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| Fuel Storage | |
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| Fluid Mechanical System Design | |
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| Fuel Measurement and Management | |
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| Flight Deck Equipment | |
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| Operational Considerations | |
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| Embraer 170/190 Regional Jet | |
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| Fuel Storage and Venting | |
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| The Refuel and Defuel System | |
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| In-flight Operation | |
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| System Architecture | |
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| Fuel Quantity Gauging | |
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| In-service Maturity | |
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| The Boeing 777 Wide-Bodied Airliner | |
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| Fuel Storage | |
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| Fluid-Mechanical System | |
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| Fuel Measurement and Management | |
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| The Airbus A380 Wide-Bodied Airliner | |
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| Fuel Storage | |
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| Fluid-Mechanical System | |
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| Fuel Measurement and Management System (FMMS) | |
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| The Anglo-French Concorde | |
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| Fuel System Operational and Thermal Design Issues | |
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| Refuel System | |
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| Fuel Transfer and Jettison | |
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| Fuel Feed | |
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| Vent System | |
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| New and Future Technologies | |
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| Fuel Measurement and Management | |
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| Fuel Measurement | |
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| Fuel Management | |
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| Fluid Mechanical Equipment Technology | |
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| Fuel Valve Technology | |
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| Revolutionary Fuel Pump and Valve Technology | |
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| Aerial Refueling Operations | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |