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| Introduction: modernity and criminal justice | |
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| The European Enlightenment and the rise of the modern age | |
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| Criminal justice in the pre modern era | |
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| Social contract theory and utilitarianism | |
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| Modern societies | |
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| Four models of criminal justice development | |
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| The structure of this book | |
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| Explaining crime and criminal behaviour | |
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| The rational actor model | |
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| The predestined actor model | |
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| The victimised actor model | |
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| Integrated theories | |
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| Postscript | |
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| The philosophy of law and legal ethics | |
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| Analytic jurisprudence | |
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| Normative jurisprudence | |
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| Critical legal theory | |
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| Islamic jurisprudence and Sharia law | |
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| Policing modern society | |
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| A brief history of the police | |
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| Policing and social context since the Second World War | |
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| Policing contemporary society | |
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| Policing and the four models of criminal justice development | |
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| The legal process in modern society | |
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| Criminal justice agencies | |
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| Criminal justice 'system' or 'process' | |
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| The criminal justice process in context | |
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| Adversarial and inquisitorial criminal justice processes | |
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| Models of the criminal justice process | |
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| International law | |
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| International human rights law | |
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| Punishment in modern society | |
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| The purpose of punishment | |
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| Utilitarianism | |
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| Deterrence | |
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| Incapacitation | |
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| Determinism | |
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| Rehabilitation | |
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| Retribution | |
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| Just deserts | |
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| Reparation | |
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| Restitution | |
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| The politics of punishment | |
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| Youth justice in modern society | |
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| Young people, discipline, control | |
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| From justice to welfarism | |
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| Youth justice and populist Conservatism | |
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| Youth justice and New Labour | |
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| Reflections on the management of contemporary youth crime | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Conclusions: the future of criminal justice | |
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| Criminal justice in an age of moral uncertainty | |
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| The schizophrenia of crime | |
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| Crime as normal and non pathological | |
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| New modes of governance | |
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| Crime and the risk society | |
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| Loi'c Wacquant and the government of insecurity | |
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| Racial inequality and imprisonment in contemporary USA | |
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| Four peculiar institutions | |
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| Carceral recruitment and authority | |
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| Conclusions: living in penal society | |
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| Notes | |
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| References | |
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| Author index | |
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| Subject index | |