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| Maps | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| The Use of Pinyin | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Goals of this Book | |
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| The Model of the Dynastic Cycle | |
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| Archeological Sources | |
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| Literary Sources: The Use of Fiction | |
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| Artistic Sources: What Paintings Reveal | |
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| Structure of the Book | |
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| Inventing China (ca. 1200 B.C.--A.D. 200) | |
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| The Beginnings of the Written Record (CA. 1200 B.C.-771 B.C.) | |
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| Dragon Bone Soup and Early Chinese Writing | |
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| The Discoveries at Anyang | |
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| Shang Relations with Other States | |
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| The Zhou Conquest of the Shang | |
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| The Age of the Warrior and the Thinker: Double Ears and Confucius (770 B.C. - 221 B.C.) | |
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| The Commentary of Mr. Zuo and the Society It Describes | |
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| The World of Confucius | |
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| A World Breaking Apart: The Differences among Confucius's Disciples | |
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| The Creation of Empire (221 B.C. - A.D. 200) | |
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| The Legalist State | |
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| The Founding of the Han Dynasty | |
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| The World of the Regional Rulers: The Mawangdui Finds | |
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| The Han Dynasty under Emperor Wu | |
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| Economic Problems during the Han Dynasty | |
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| The Restoration of the Later Han | |
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| The Rise of the Organized Daoist Church | |
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| Facing West (A.D. 200-1000) | |
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| China's Religious Landscape (200-600) | |
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| The First Buddhists in China | |
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| Buddhism in Central Asia: The Example of the Kucha Kingdom | |
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| Contact between India and China | |
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| The Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) | |
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| Religious Life in South China | |
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| China's Golden Age (589-755) | |
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| How the Sui Dynasty Brought the Empire Together | |
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| The Fall of the Sui Dynasty and the Founding of the Tang | |
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| Daily Life in the Capital | |
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| Daily Life in Rural Areas | |
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| The An Lushan Rebellion and Its Aftermath (755-960) | |
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| The An Lushan Rebellion | |
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| The Discovery of the Library Cave at Dunhuang | |
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| Dunhuang in the Years after 755 | |
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| Facing North (1000-1600) | |
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| Coming to Terms with Money: The Song Dynasty (960-1276) | |
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| The First Commercial Revolution and Its Effects | |
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| The Founding of the Song | |
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| The New Policies: Supporters and Opponents | |
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| Remembering the North | |
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| Life under the Southern Song (1127-1276) | |
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| The Northern Dynasties: Non-Chinese Rule in North China (907-1215) | |
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| The Khitans | |
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| The Rise of the Jurchen | |
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| Jin Rule after the 1141 Peace with the South | |
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| Scholarly Culture under the Jin | |
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| The Division of North and South | |
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| The Mongols (CA. 1200-1368) | |
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| The Origins of the Mongol Confederation | |
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| Western Visitors to the Khan's Court | |
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| The Mongol Conquest of South China | |
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| Zhao Mengfu and the Art of Heightened Expressiveness | |
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| The Fall of the Mongols | |
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| Continuing the War Against the Mongols: The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) | |
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| The Ming Founder and the System He Designed | |
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| The Voyages of the Yongle Emperor | |
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| Social Change under the Ming | |
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| The Second Commercial Revolution of the Ming Dynasty | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Acknowledgments and Credits | |
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| Index | |