| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
California Government in Crisis | |
| |
| |
The California Dream? | |
| |
| |
The Crisis of California Politics | |
| |
| |
The Two-Thirds Requirement for Raising Taxes | |
| |
| |
Lack of Consensus in Fundamental Questions | |
| |
| |
The Ease of Passing Initiatives | |
| |
| |
Term Limits | |
| |
| |
The Safe-Seat Reapportionment | |
| |
| |
Reform Ideas | |
| |
| |
Why Study California Politics? | |
| |
| |
What Determines the Content and Character of California's Politics? | |
| |
| |
Underlying Socioeconomic Trends | |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
A Guide to This Book | |
| |
| |
| |
The Constitution and the Progressive Legacy | |
| |
| |
The Rules of the Game: California's Constitution | |
| |
| |
The 1849 Constitution | |
| |
| |
The 1879 Constitution | |
| |
| |
From 1900 to 1917: The Progressive Movement | |
| |
| |
From 1960 to the Present: Late Revisions | |
| |
| |
The Progressive Movement and Its Impact on California Politics | |
| |
| |
Local Politics | |
| |
| |
State Politics | |
| |
| |
Direct Democracy | |
| |
| |
Initiative | |
| |
| |
Referendum | |
| |
| |
Recall | |
| |
| |
Debating the Merit of Direct Democracy | |
| |
| |
California's Constitution: Where Are We Now? | |
| |
| |
| |
Interest Groups and the Media in California Interest-Group Dynamics in Politics | |
| |
| |
Lobbying the Legislature | |
| |
| |
Diversity of Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
The Increase in Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
Weak Political Parties | |
| |
| |
Growth of Government | |
| |
| |
Term Limits | |
| |
| |
Public Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
Interest-Group Politics | |
| |
| |
Lobbyists | |
| |
| |
Lobbying | |
| |
| |
Campaign Contributions to Candidates | |
| |
| |
Regulating Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
Outside the Legislature | |
| |
| |
The Media | |
| |
| |
Television | |
| |
| |
Newspapers | |
| |
| |
The Internet | |
| |
| |
Media and Political Campaigns | |
| |
| |
Interest-Group Politics in California: Where Are We Now? | |
| |
| |
| |
Parties and Elections in California | |
| |
| |
Political Parties | |
| |
| |
Party Organizations | |
| |
| |
The Progressive Impact on Political Parties | |
| |
| |
Third Parties in California | |
| |
| |
Party Affiliation of California Voters | |
| |
| |
California's Local Political Cultures from Left to Right | |
| |
| |
Political Party Registration | |
| |
| |
Political Ideology | |
| |
| |
Political Protest and Voter Turnout | |
| |
| |
Support for Proposition 13 | |
| |
| |
Political Tolerance and Support for Racial and Cultural Diversity | |
| |
| |
The Presidential Election of 2008 | |
| |
| |
The Gubernatorial and U.S. Senate Elections of 2010 | |
| |
| |
The Presidential Election of 2012 | |
| |
| |
To Sum Up | |
| |
| |
Elections in California | |
| |
| |
The Battle over the Primary | |
| |
| |
Presidential Primaries: Maximizing California's Clout? | |
| |
| |
Initiative Campaigns: Direct Democracy or Tool of Special Interests? | |
| |
| |
The 2003 Gubernatorial Recall Election: A Perfect Political Storm | |
| |
| |
The 2008 Election: Demographic and Ideological Shifts | |
| |
| |
The 2010 General Election | |
| |
| |
The 2012 Primary Election | |
| |
| |
The 2012 General Election: More Demographic and Ideological Shifts | |
| |
| |
Campaigning in California | |
| |
| |
Money and Politics: California Style | |
| |
| |
Campaign Finance Reform in California | |
| |
| |
Campaign Contributions to Federal Candidates | |
| |
| |
Voting in California | |
| |
| |
How You Can Register to Vote | |
| |
| |
Who Votes in California? | |
| |
| |
Modernizing Voting Machines | |
| |
| |
What Reforms Are Needed? | |
| |
| |
| |
The California Legislature | |
| |
| |
Functions | |
| |
| |
Representation | |
| |
| |
Policy Making | |
| |
| |
Members and Districts | |
| |
| |
Organization | |
| |
| |
Leadership | |
| |
| |
Committees | |
| |
| |
Staff | |
| |
| |
The Legislative Process | |
| |
| |
Differences from Congress | |
| |
| |
Term Limits | |
| |
| |
Item Veto | |
| |
| |
Apportionment and District Size | |
| |
| |
Media Visibility | |
| |
| |
Court Appointments | |
| |
| |
Filibusters | |
| |
| |
Initiatives | |
| |
| |
Seniority | |
| |
| |
Problems, Real and Perceived | |
| |
| |
Money | |
| |
| |
Term Limits/Lack of Experience | |
| |
| |
Partisanship | |
| |
| |
Gridlock, Minority Rule, and Lack of Accountability | |
| |
| |
Initiatives | |
| |
| |
California Legislature: Where Are We Now? | |
| |
| |
| |
The Governor and the Executive Branch | |
| |
| |
The Invisible Governor? | |
| |
| |
Formal Powers of the Governor | |
| |
| |
Organizing and Managing the Executive Branch | |
| |
| |
Independent Executive Actions | |
| |
| |
Commander in Chief | |
| |
| |
Appointments | |
| |
| |
Legislative Powers | |
| |
| |
Budget | |
| |
| |
Veto and Line-Item Veto | |
| |
| |
Legislative Recommendations | |
| |
| |
Judicial Powers | |
| |
| |
Public Roles of the Governor | |
| |
| |
Jerry Brown as Governor | |
| |
| |
Structure of the Executive Branch | |
| |
| |
Personal Staff | |
| |
| |
The Cabinet and Agency Heads | |
| |
| |
The Plural Elected Executive | |
| |
| |
Agencies and the Bureaucracy | |
| |
| |
California Executive Branch: Where Are We Now? | |
| |
| |
| |
The California Judiciary | |
| |
| |
Judges and State Government | |
| |
| |
Federalism and the California Courts: The Case of Medicinal Marijuana | |
| |
| |
How Are the California Courts Structured? | |
| |
| |
Judicial Selection | |
| |
| |
Removing Judges from the Bench | |
| |
| |
Who Has Access to the Court? | |
| |
| |
Judicial independence versus Judicial Accountability | |
| |
| |
The Politicization of the Judiciary | |
| |
| |
Judicial Review and the Statewide Initiative | |
| |
| |
California Courts: Where Are We Now? | |
| |
| |
| |
The State Budget and Budgetary Limitations | |
| |
| |
Why Does Student Tuition Keep Rising? | |
| |
| |
How Is the Budget Formed? | |
| |
| |
Executive Proposal | |
| |
| |
Legislative Adoption | |
| |
| |
Gubernatorial Action | |
| |
| |
Implementation | |
| |
| |
Other Groups Involved in the Budget Process | |
| |
| |
What Is in the Budget? | |
| |
| |
Revenues | |
| |
| |
How Well Does the Taxing System Function? | |
| |
| |
Is California Overtaxed? | |
| |
| |
Expenditures | |
| |
| |
Why Do Revenues Vary So Much? | |
| |
| |
Budgetary Limitations | |
| |
| |
Recent California Budgets and the Budget Process | |
| |
| |
The California Budgetary Process: Where Are We Now? | |
| |
| |
| |
Local Government | |
| |
| |
The Legal Framework: Dillon's Rule, Home Rule, and Local Powers of Governance | |
| |
| |
County Governments | |
| |
| |
Legal Framework | |
| |
| |
Government Organization | |
| |
| |
County Government Functions and Responsibilities | |
| |
| |
Local Agency Formation Commissions | |
| |
| |
City Governments | |
| |
| |
Legal Framework | |
| |
| |
Incorporation: How Cities Are Born | |
| |
| |
City Government Functions and Responsibilities | |
| |
| |
City Government Revenues and Expenditures | |
| |
| |
Forms of City Government and the Legacy of Progressive Structural Reforms | |
| |
| |
Special Districts | |
| |
| |
School and Community College Districts | |
| |
| |
Nonschool Special Districts | |
| |
| |
Legal Framework | |
| |
| |
How Special Districts Are Created | |
| |
| |
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Special Districts | |
| |
| |
Regional Governments | |
| |
| |
Regulatory Regional Governments | |
| |
| |
Advisory Regional Governments | |
| |
| |
California's Community Redevelopment Agencies, R.I.P. | |
| |
| |
Two Case Studies in Local Government Revolt | |
| |
| |
Breaking Up Is Hard to Do: The San Fernando Valley Secession Movement | |
| |
| |
The Great Redevelopment Agency Massacre of 2011 | |
| |
| |
Local Government: Where Are We Now? | |
| |
| |
The Great Recession and Its Impact on Local Governments | |
| |
| |
"Where Politicians Fear to Tread": GASB and Pension Reform | |
| |
| |
On the Brighter Side | |
| |
| |
But Local Governments Cannot Do It Alone: The State, the Feds, and the Occupy Movement | |
| |
| |
| |
Public Policy in California | |
| |
| |
Duroville | |
| |
| |
Health Insurance in California | |
| |
| |
Employer-Sponsored Insurance | |
| |
| |
Individual Health Insurance Marketplace | |
| |
| |
Medi-Cal | |
| |
| |
Medicare | |
| |
| |
TRICARE | |
| |
| |
Uninsured | |
| |
| |
Immigrants in California | |
| |
| |
Work Issues | |
| |
| |
Campaign Issues | |
| |
| |
School Issues | |
| |
| |
Costs of State Welfare and Health Programs | |
| |
| |
Driver Licenses | |
| |
| |
Voting | |
| |
| |
California's Infrastructure | |
| |
| |
Highways | |
| |
| |
Fire Prevention | |
| |
| |
Levees | |
| |
| |
The Future of California's Infrastructure | |
| |
| |
Indian Gaming in California | |
| |
| |
Conclusion | |
| |
| |
Answer Key | |
| |
| |
Notes | |