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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Introduction to Pediatric Psychopharmacology | |
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| A Brief History of the Field | |
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| Epidemiological Trends in Pediatric Psychopharmacology | |
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| Prescribing Algorithms | |
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| Psychiatric Medication Use in Preschool Children | |
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| Regulatory Issues in Pediatric Psychopharmacology | |
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| Ethical Issues in Pediatric Psychopharmacology | |
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| Developmental Pharmacology, Neurobiology, and Pediatric Psychopharmacology | |
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| Basic Pharmacology | |
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| Pharmacokinetics | |
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| Cytochrome P450 Enzymes | |
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| Summary | |
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| General Principles of Treatment | |
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| Psychiatric Evaluation in Pediatric Psychopharmacology | |
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| Diagnostic Case Formulation | |
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| Psychiatric Diagnosis, Target Symptoms, and Treatment Planning | |
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| The Three Phases of Psychopharmacological Treatment | |
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| Medication Initiation and Titration | |
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| Clinical Management and the Evaluation of Outcome | |
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| Compliance | |
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| Medical Record Documentation | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Medications | |
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| Stimulants | |
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| Stimulant Drug Schedules | |
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| Indications | |
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| Efficacy in ADHD | |
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| Efficacy in Narcolepsy | |
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| Pharmacoepidemiology | |
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| Currently Available Stimulants | |
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| Pharmacology | |
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| Stimulant Formulations and Dose | |
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| Stimulant Side Effects | |
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| Stimulant Drug-Drug Interactions | |
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| Management of Stimulant Overdose | |
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| Antidepressants | |
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| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors | |
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| Atypical Antidepressants | |
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| Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibiting Antidepressants | |
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| Tricyclic Antidepressants | |
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| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors | |
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| Future Antidepressants in Pediatric Psychopharmacology? | |
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| Clinical Use of Antidepressants in Children and Adolescents | |
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| Mood Stabilizers | |
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| Lithium | |
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| Divalproex Sodium | |
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| Carbamazepine | |
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| Lamotrigine | |
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| Medical Management of Pediatric Patients Receiving Mood Stabilizers | |
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| Newer Anticonvulsants with Potential Utility as Mood-Stabilizing Agents | |
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| Antipsychotics | |
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| Second-Generation Antipsychotics | |
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| First-Generation Antipsychotics | |
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| Drugs to Treat Extrapyramidal Symptoms and Syndromes | |
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| Anticholinergics | |
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| Amantadine Hydrochloride | |
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| Bromocriptine and Pergolide | |
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| Vitamin E | |
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| Anxiolytics | |
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| Benzodiazepines | |
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| Buspirone | |
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| Other Drugs | |
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| Adrenergic Agents | |
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| Clonidine | |
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| Guanfacine | |
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| Beta-Blockers | |
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| Other Medications | |
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| Atomoxetine | |
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| Modafinil | |
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| Desmopressin Acetate | |
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| Oxybutynin | |
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| Tolterodine | |
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| Naltrexone | |
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| Herbal and Alternative Medicines | |
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| Regulatory Issues | |
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| St. John's Wort | |
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| Melatonin | |
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| Essential Fatty Acids | |
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| Secretin | |
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| Kava | |
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| Valerian | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Electroconvulsive Therapy in Adolescents | |
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| Evidence of Effectiveness | |
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| Indications for ECT in Adolescents | |
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| Predictors of Response | |
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| Contraindications | |
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| Assessment of the Adolescent for ECT | |
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| Description and Administration | |
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| Adverse Effects | |
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| Legal Considerations | |
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| Informed Consent and Assent | |
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| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | |
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| The Disorders and Their Treatment | |
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| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder | |
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| Diagnostic Features | |
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| Prevalence | |
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| Etiology | |
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| Course of Illness | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Treatment Options | |
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| Stimulants in ADHD | |
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| Nonstimulants in ADHD | |
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| Clinical Management of ADHD with Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders | |
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| Stimulant Use for Symptoms of ADHD in Special Populations | |
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| Summary: An Algorithm for the Treatment of ADHD | |
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| Tic Disorders and Tourette's Disorder | |
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| Diagnostic Features | |
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| Prevalence | |
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| Comorbidity | |
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| Course of Illness and Outcome | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Pharmacotherapy | |
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| Pharmacological Treatment of ADHD in Patients with Tic Disorders or Tourette's disorder | |
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| Pharmacological Treatment of OCD in Patients with Tic Disorders or Tourette's disorder | |
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| Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcas | |
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| Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Impulsive Aggression | |
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| Oppositional Defiant Disorder | |
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| Conduct Disorder | |
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| Comorbidity in ODD and CD | |
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| Psychopharmacological Treatment of ODD and CD | |
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| Impulsive Aggression | |
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| Treatment of Excessive, Maladaptive Aggression | |
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| A Clinical Approach to the Aggressive Child or Adolescent | |
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| Mood Disorders | |
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| Depressive Disorders | |
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| Bipolar Disorders | |
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| Treatment of Pediatric Bipolar Illness | |
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| Pediatric Bipolar Illness Medication Treatment Algorithm | |
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| Psychotic Disorders | |
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| Developmental Considerations | |
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| Prevalence | |
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| Comorbidity | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Early-Onset Schizophrenia | |
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| Treatment Options | |
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| Extrapyramidal Syndromes and Central Serotonin Syndrome | |
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| Acute Dystonic Reactions | |
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| Parkinsonism | |
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| Akathisia | |
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| Tardive and Other Neuroleptic-Related Dyskinesias | |
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| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | |
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| Central Serotonin Syndrome | |
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| Anxiety Disorders | |
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| Prevalence and Epidemiology | |
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| Comorbidity | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Separation Anxiety Disorder | |
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| Panic Disorder With and Without Agoraphobia | |
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| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | |
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| Social Phobia | |
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| Treatment Options for Anxiety Disorders | |
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| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | |
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| Prevalence | |
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| Comorbidity | |
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| Course of Illness and outcome | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcas | |
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| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | |
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| Prevalence | |
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| Comorbidity | |
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| Course of Illness and Outcome | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Treatment Options | |
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| Mental Retardation, Autism, and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders | |
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| Mental Retardation | |
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| Childhood Autism and the Pervasive Developmental Disorders | |
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| Eating Disorders | |
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| Diagnostic Criteria | |
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| Prevalence | |
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| Course of Illness | |
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| Comorbidity | |
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| Assessment | |
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| MultidiscIplinary Treatment | |
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| Psychopharmacological Treatment | |
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| Sleep Disorders | |
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| Normal Sleep Architecture | |
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| Difficulties Falling Asleep or Night Waking | |
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| Unusual Arousal Events During Sleep (Parasomnias) | |
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| Excessive Daytime Sleepiness | |
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| Sleep Problems Associated with Psychiatric Conditions | |
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| Sleep Problems Associated with Medical and Neurological Disorders | |
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| Other Important Topics in Pediatric Psychopharmacology | |
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| Combined Pharmacotherapy | |
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| Psychopharmacology and the Suicidal Patient | |
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| An Approach to Pediatric Psychopharmacology in Conflicted Family Situations | |
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| Psychopharmacology and The Substance-Abusing Youngster | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Pediatric Psychopharmacology Summary Table: Evidence of Efficacy by Drug and Disorder in Children and Adolescents < 18 Years Old | |
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| Pharmacodynamics of Psychiatric Medications Commonly Used in Children and Adolescents | |
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| Pharmacodynamics of Antidepressants | |
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| Pharmacodynamics of Atypical Antipsychotics | |
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| Pharmacodynamics of Anticonvulsants | |
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| Pharmacodynamics of Stimulants | |
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| Pediatric Psychopharmacology and the Cardiovascular System | |
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| The ECG | |
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| Pulse and Blood Pressure | |
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| Practical Tools for the Clinical child and Adolescent Psychopharmacologist | |
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| Growth Curves: Boys | |
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| Growth Curves: Girls | |
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| Parent's Questionnaire | |
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| Patient Medication Log | |
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| Medication Side Effects Rating Scales | |
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| Antipsychotic Side Effects Profile | |
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| Atomoxetine Side Effects Profile | |
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| Antidepressant Side Effects Profile | |
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| Benzodiazepine Side Effects Profile | |
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| Buspirone Side Effects Profile | |
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| Carbamazepine Side Effects Profile | |
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| Clonidine/Guanfacine Side Effects Profile | |
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| Lamotrigine Side Effects Profile | |
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| Lithium Side Effects Profile | |
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| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Side Effects Profile | |
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| Modafinil Side Effects Profile | |
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| Oxcarbazepine Side Effects Profile | |
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| Stimulant Side Effects Profile | |
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| Topiramate Side Effects Profile | |
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| Valproic Acid/Divalproex Side Effects Profile | |
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| Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) | |
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| Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) | |
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| Global Assessment Children's Scale (CGAS) | |
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| Disorder Rating Scales | |
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| Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children (BPRS-C) | |
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| Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) | |
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| The SNAP-IV Teacher and Parent Rating Scale | |
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| Abbreviated Parent Questionnaire | |
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| Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) | |
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| Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) | |
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| Children's Aggression Scale-Parent Version | |
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| Overt Aggression Scale | |
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| The Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form: Parent Version | |
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| The Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form: Teacher Version | |
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| Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q) | |
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| Parent Support Resources | |
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| General Mental Health Resources for Children and Adolescents | |
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| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder | |
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| Bipolar Disorder | |
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| Depression | |
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| Independent Herbal and Alternative Medication Internet Sites | |
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| Learning Disabilities | |
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| Mental Retardation | |
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| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | |
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| Tic Disorders and Tourette's Disorder | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Introduction to Pediatric Psychopharmacology | |
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| Basic Pharmacology | |
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| General Principles of Treatment | |
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| Stimulants | |
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| Antidepressants | |
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| Mood Stabilizers | |
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| Antipsychotics | |
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| Drugs to Treat Extrapyramidal Symptoms and Syndromes | |
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| Anxiolytics | |
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| Adrenergic Agents | |
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| Other Medications | |
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| Herbal and Alternative Medicines | |
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| Electroconvulsive Therapy in Adolescents | |
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| Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | |
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| Tic Disorders and Tourette's disorder | |
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| Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Impulsive Aggression | |
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| Mood Disorders | |
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| Psychotic Disorders | |
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| Extrapyramidal Syndromes and Central Serotonin Syndrome | |
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| Anxiety Disorders | |
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| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | |
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| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | |
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| Mental Retardation, Autism, and other Pervasive Developmental Disorders | |
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| Eating Disorders | |
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| Sleep Disorders | |
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| Other Important Topics in Pediatric Psychopharmacology | |
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| Pediatric Psychopharmacology and the Cardiovascular System | |
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| Index | |