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| Introduction | |
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| Early Chinese Cosmopolitanism | |
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| The Idealized Chinese Worldview | |
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| The Early Imperial Age, 206 B.C.-A.D. 581 | |
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| Early Buddhism | |
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| The Multicultural Ambience of Tang China, 618-907 | |
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| Trade and International Exchange under the Tang | |
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| The Exchange of Ideas under the Tang | |
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| Diplomacy | |
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| Foreign Religions | |
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| Commercial and Maritime Expansion under the Song, 960-1276 | |
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| The Mongol Yuan, 1276-1368 | |
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| The Ming Empire, 1368-1644 | |
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| The Advent of Europeans and the Impact of the Silver Trade | |
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| China and Catholicism in the Sixteenth through Eighteenth Centuries | |
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| Late Ming China | |
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| Qing Conquest, Ming Loyalism | |
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| The Early Catholic Missions to China | |
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| Jesuit Mission Policies | |
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| Christianity, Religious Beliefs, and "Superstition" | |
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| Breaking the Law | |
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| The Decline of Catholic Influence in China | |
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| Christianity and Buddhism: A Comparison | |
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| Foreign Goods and Foreign Knowledge in the Eighteenth Century | |
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| War and Diplomacy in the High Qing | |
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| Trade | |
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| The Macartney Embassy | |
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| China and European Arts and Sciences | |
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| Astronomy and Mathematics | |
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| Cartography | |
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| Art and Architecture | |
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| Artillery | |
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| Chinese Abroad | |
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| Origins of a Stereotype | |
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| The Turning of the Tables, 1796-1860 | |
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| China in the Early Nineteenth Century | |
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| Foreigners in China | |
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| The First Opium War, 1839-1842 | |
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| Chinese Mobilization | |
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| The Treaty of Nanjing, 1842 | |
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| The Rise of Shanghai | |
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| Chinese Emigration | |
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| The Taiping Rebellion | |
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| The Russians, the British, and the French, 1856-1860 | |
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| Shields and Swords, 1860-1914 | |
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| Decline and Fall | |
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| The Foreign Presence | |
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| New Diplomacy | |
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| Christian Missionaries | |
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| Military Reform | |
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| Industrialization | |
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| The Boxers | |
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| Changes in Education | |
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| Study Overseas | |
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| Opium and Footbinding | |
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| Early Popular Action against Foreigners | |
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| Overcoming Habits of Mind, 1914-1949 | |
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| Empire to Republic | |
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| China and Versailles | |
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| New Culture, New Politics | |
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| Work-Study | |
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| The Guomindang, the Chinese Communists, and the Soviet Union | |
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| Flirting with Fascism under Nationalist Rule, 1927-1937 | |
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| Rural Reconstruction | |
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| The Guomindang, the Communists, and Japan | |
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| China and the Western Allies in World War Two | |
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| Wartime Culture | |
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| Aftermath of War | |
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| Bringing Foreign Domination to an End | |
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| Culture and Conflict, 1949-1997 | |
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| The Korean War | |
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| New World Standing | |
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| China and the Soviet Union | |
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| China and the Vietnam War | |
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| The Cultural Revolution | |
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| Normalization of Relations with the United States | |
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| After Mao | |
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| The 1980s | |
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| Christianity under the People's Republic | |
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| Hong Kong, Tibet, and Xinjiang | |
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| Adjusting Perspective | |
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| Culture and the Nation | |
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| Tiananmen, 1989 | |
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| China after Tiananmen | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Further Readings | |
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| Index | |
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| Maps | |
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| Contemporary China | |
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| The World of Tang China | |
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| The World of Late Ming China | |
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| The Treaty Ports | |