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| Introduction | |
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| The Nature of the Universe | |
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| The Views of the Early Greek Philosophers | |
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| Plato's Theory of the Universe | |
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| Aristotle's Conception of the Universe | |
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| The Views of the Epicureans, Stoics, and Skeptics | |
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| The Universe According to the Greco-Religious Thinkers | |
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| The Position of the Early Christian Thinkers | |
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| The Positions of the Medieval Christian Thinkers | |
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| The Views of the Forerunners of the Renaissance | |
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| The Universe According to the Philosophers of the Renaissance | |
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| Descartes' Conception of the Universe | |
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| Spinoza's Theory of the Universe | |
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| The Positions of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume | |
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| Leibnitz' Theory of the Universe | |
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| Kant's Conception of the Universe | |
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| Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel | |
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| The Views of the Later German Philosophers | |
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| The Positions of John Stuart Mill and Herbert Spencer | |
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| Josiah Royce, William James, and John Dewey | |
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| The Views of Henri Bergson and George Santayana | |
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| Man's Place in the Universe | |
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| Man's Importance According to the Early Greek Philosophers | |
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| The Positions of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle | |
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| The Views of the Later Greek Thinkers | |
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| Man's Importance According to the Early Christian Thinkers | |
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| The Views of the Medieval Christian Thinkers | |
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| As Seen by the Forerunners of the Renaissance | |
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| The Positions of Bacon and Hobbes | |
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| The Views of Descartes and Spinoza | |
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| Man's Place as Seen by Locke, Berkeley, and Hume | |
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| The Views of Leibnitz | |
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| The Position of Rousseau | |
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| Kant's View of Man's Importance | |
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| Fichte, Schelling, Schleiermacher, and Hegel | |
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| The Views of Later German Thinkers | |
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| Man's Place According to Comte | |
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| The Positions of Mill and Spencer | |
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| The Views of James, Dewey, and Russell | |
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| What Is Good and What Is Evil? | |
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| Good and Evil According to the Early Greek Philosophers | |
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| The Ethical Views of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle | |
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| Good and Evil According to the Epicureans and Stoics | |
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| The Position of the Greco-Religious Thinkers | |
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| The Ethical Views of the Early Christian Thinkers | |
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| The Views of the Medieval Christian Thinkers | |
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| Hobbes, Spinoza, Locke, and Leibnitz | |
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| The Ethical Philosophy of Kant | |
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| The Views of Fichte and Schopenhauer | |
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| According to Mill, Bentham, and Spencer | |
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| The Ethical Views of James and Dewey | |
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| The Nature of God | |
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| The Views of the Early Greek Philosophers | |
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| The Concept of God in the Thought of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle | |
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| The Position of the Later Greek Thinkers | |
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| The Greco-Religious Ideas About God | |
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| The Early and Medieval Christian Conception of God | |
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| Bruno, Boehme, and Other Forerunners of the Renaissance | |
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| The Position of Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, and Pascal | |
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| The Nature of God According to Spinoza | |
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| The Views of Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Leibnitz | |
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| The Concept of God in the Thought of Kant | |
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| Fichte, Schelling, Schleiermacher, Hegel, and Later German Thinkers | |
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| The Position of Comte, Spencer, and Bradley | |
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| The Views of James and Dewey | |
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| Fate versus Free Will | |
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| The Idea of Fate Among the Early Greek Thinkers | |
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| According to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle | |
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| The Views of the Later Greek Philosophers | |
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| The Position of the Greco-Religious Thinkers | |
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| Early and Medieval Christian Thinkers | |
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| The Views of Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, and Spinoza | |
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| The Position of Locke, of Hume, and of Leibnitz | |
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| Fate and Free Will According to Voltaire and to Rousseau | |
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| Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Schopenhauer, and Other German Thinkers | |
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| The Position of Mill and of Green | |
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| The Views of James and Dewey | |
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| The Soul and Immortality | |
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| The Soul as Viewed by the Early Greek Philosophers | |
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| The Soul and Immortality According to Plato and Aristotle | |
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| The Position of the Later Greek Thinkers | |
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| The Views of Plotinus | |
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| The Early and Medieval Christian Conception of the Soul | |
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| The Soul According to the Forerunners of the Renaissance | |
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| The Views of Bacon and Hobbes | |
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| The Views of Descartes and Spinoza | |
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| Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Leibnitz | |
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| The Soul and Immortality According to Kant | |
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| Fichte, Schleiermacher, Herbart, and Schopenhauer | |
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| Recent and Present-Day Conceptions of the Soul and Immortality | |
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| Man and the State | |
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| The State as Viewed by the Early Greek Philosophers | |
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| The State According to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle | |
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| The Positions of the Later Greek Thinkers | |
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| The Views of the Early Christian Thinkers | |
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| The Views of the Medieval Christian Thinkers | |
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| The State as Viewed by the Forerunners of the Renaissance | |
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| Machiavelli's Conception of the State | |
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| Grotius, Hobbes, and Other Thinkers of the Renaissance | |
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| The Views of Spinoza, Locke, and Adam Smith | |
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| The Position of Voltaire and of Rousseau | |
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| The State According to Hegel, Marx, and Lassalle | |
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| De Maistre, Saint-Simon, and Comte | |
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| The Views of Mill and Spencer | |
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| Nietzsche's Conception of the State | |
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| The Views of Dewey and Recent Thinkers | |
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| Man and Education | |
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| Education as Viewed by the Early Greek Philosophers | |
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| According to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle | |
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| The Roman Conception of Education | |
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| Early Christian Conception of Education | |
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| St. Benedict and the Monastic Way of Life | |
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| Education in the Middle Ages and Early Renaissance | |
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| Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation | |
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| The Views of Bacon and Hobbes | |
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| Comenius' Philosophy of Education | |
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| Locke and Rousseau | |
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| Pestalozzi's Conception of Education | |
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| Herbart's View of Education | |
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| Froebel's Conception of Education | |
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| Mind and Matter | |
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| Mind and Matter as Contrasted by the Early Greek Thinkers | |
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| Plato, Aristotle, and the Later Greek Philosophers | |
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| The Positions of Philo and St. Augustine | |
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| According to the Medieval Christian Thinkers | |
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| Roger Bacon and Paracelsus | |
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| Francis Bacon and Hobbes | |
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| Descartes and Spinoza | |
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| Locke, Berkeley, and Hume | |
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| The Views of Leibnitz | |
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| Kant and Later German Philosophers | |
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| Bradley, Royce, and Bergson | |
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| Comte, James, Dewey, Santayana | |
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| Ideas and Thinking | |
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| What Thinking Meant to the Early Greek Philosophers | |
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| According to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle | |
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| The Views of the Later Greek Philosophers | |
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| The Medieval Christian View | |
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| Galileo and the Beginning of the Scientific Attitude | |
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| Bacon, Descartes, Spinoza | |
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| Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Leibnitz | |
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| Kant, Fichte, Hegel | |
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| Comte, Mill, Spencer | |
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| James and Dewey | |
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| Some Recent Approaches to Philosophy | |
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| Kierkegaard and the Beginnings of Existentialism | |
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| The Views of Heidegger, Jaspers, and Sartre | |
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| Three Philosophers of Science: Whitehead, Russell, and Moore | |
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| Logical Positivism | |
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| Two Philosophers of the Spirit | |
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| Some Current Philosophers in the Religious Tradition | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Biographical Notes | |
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| Index | |