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Introduction to Data | |
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What Are Data? | |
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Classifying and Storing Data | |
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Organizing Categorical Data | |
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Collecting Data to Understand Causality | |
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Picturing Variation with Graphs | |
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Visualizing Variation in Numerical Data | |
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Summarizing Important Features of a Numerical Distribution | |
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Visualizing Variation in Categorical Variables | |
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Summarizing Categorical Distributions | |
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Interpreting Graphs | |
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Numerical Summaries of Center and Variation | |
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Summaries for Symmetric Distributions | |
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What's Unusual? The Empirical Rule and z-Scores | |
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Summaries for Skewed Distributions | |
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Comparing Measures of Center | |
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Using Boxplots for Displaying Summaries | |
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Regression Analysis: Exploring Associations between Variables | |
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Visualizing Variability with a Scatterplot | |
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Measuring Strength of Association with Correlation | |
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Modeling Linear Trends | |
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Evaluating the Linear Model | |
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Modeling Variation with Probability | |
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What is Randomness? | |
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Finding Theoretical Probabilities | |
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Associations in Categorical Variables | |
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The Law of Large Numbers | |
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Modeling Random Events: The Normal and Binomial Models | |
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Probability Distributions Are Models of Random Experiments | |
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The Normal Model | |
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The Binomial Model | |
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Survey Sampling and Inference | |
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Learning about the World through Surveys | |
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Measuring the Quality of a Survey | |
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The Central Limit Theorem for Sample Proportions | |
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Estimating the Population Proportion with Confidence Intervals | |
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Hypothesis Testing for Population Proportions | |
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The Main Ingredients of Hypothesis Testing | |
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Characterizing p-values | |
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Hypothesis Testing in Four Steps | |
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Comparing Proportions from Two Populations | |
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Understanding Hypothesis Testing | |
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Inferring Population Means | |
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Sample Means of Random Samples | |
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The Central Limit Theorem for Sample Means | |
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Answering Questions about the Mean of a Population | |
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Comparing Two Population Means | |
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Overview of Analyzing Means | |
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Associations between Categorical Variables | |
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The Basic Ingredients for Testing with Categorical Variables | |
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Chi-Square Tests for Associations between Categorical Variables | |
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Reading Research Papers | |