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| European Exploration and Conquest, 1450-1650 | |
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| Ducas, Historia Turcobyzantia: The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans, ca. 1465 | |
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| Hernando Cort�s, Two Letters to Charles V: On the Conquest of the Aztecs, 1521 | |
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| Viewpoints: The Slave Trade in Africa | |
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| Alvise da Ca' da Mosto, Description of Capo Bianco and the Islands Nearest to It: Fifteenth-Century Slave Trade in West Africa, 1455-1456 | |
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| King Nzinga Mbemba Affonso of Congo, Letters on the Slave Trade, 1526 | |
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| Saint Francis Xavier, Missionaries in Japan, 1552 | |
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| Michel de Montaigne, Of Cannibals, 1580 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| Absolutism and Constitutionalism in Europe, ca. 1589-1725 | |
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| Henry IV, Edict of Nantes: Limited Toleration for the Huguenots, 1598 | |
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| Jacques-B�nigne Bossuet, Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture, 1679 | |
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| Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Memoir on Finances, 1670 | |
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| Peter the Great, Edicts and Decrees: Imposing Western Styles on the Russians, 1699-1723 | |
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| Viewpoints: The Commonwealth and The State of Nature | |
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| Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651 | |
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| John Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government: Vindication for the Glorious Revolution, 1690 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| Toward a New Worldview, 1540-1789 | |
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| Nicolaus Copernicus, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, 1542 | |
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| Francis Bacon, On Superstition and the Virtue of Science, 1620 | |
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| Viewpoints: Monarchical Power and Responsibility | |
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| Frederick the Great, Essay on the Forms of Government, ca. 1740 | |
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| Baron de Montesquieu, From The Spirit of Laws: On the Separation of Governmental Powers, 1748 | |
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract: On Popular Sovereignty and the General Will, 1762 | |
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| Marquis de Condorcet, Outlines of an Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind, 1793-1794 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| The Expansion of Europe, 1650-1800 | |
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| Arthur Young, Political Essays Concerning the Present State of the British Empire, 1772 | |
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| The Guild System in Germany, 1704-1719 | |
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| Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776 | |
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| Viewpoints: Trade and Empire in Africa and Asia | |
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| Captain Willem Bosman, On the Slave Trade in Guinea, ca. 1700 | |
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| Robert, First Baron Clive, Speech in the House of Commons on India, 1772 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| The Changing Life of the People, 1700-1800 | |
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| Edmond Williamson, Births and Deaths in an English Gentry Family, 1709-1720 | |
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| John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning Education, 1693 | |
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| Viewpoints: Organized Religion in the 1700S | |
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| John Wesley, The Ground Rules for Methodism, 1749 | |
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| Voltaire, A Treatise on Toleration, 1763 | |
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| Mary Wortley Montagu, On Smallpox Inoculations, ca. 1717 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| The Revolution in Politics, 1775-1815 | |
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| Commissioners of the Third Estate of the Carcassonne, Cahier de Doleances: The Third Estate Speaks, 1789 | |
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| Edward Rigby, On The Taking of the Bastille and Its Aftermath, 1789 | |
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| Viewpoints: The Legal Framework for A Revolutionary Government | |
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| National Assembly of France, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 1789 | |
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| Napoleon Bonaparte, The Napoleonic Code, 1804 | |
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| Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, 1792 | |
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| Fran�ois Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture, A Black Revolutionary Leader in Haiti, 1797 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| The Revolution in Energy and Industry, ca. 1780-1850 | |
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| Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, 1798 | |
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| Viewpoints: The Industrialization of Manchester, England | |
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| John Aikin, Manchester Becomes a Thriving Industrial City, 1795 | |
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| Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England, 1844 | |
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| Ned Ludd, Yorkshire Textile Workers Threaten a Factory Owner, 1811-1812 | |
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| Robert Owen, A New View of Society, 1813 | |
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| The Child of the Factory, 1842 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| Ideologies and Upheavals, 1815-1850 | |
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| David Ricardo, On Wages, 1817 | |
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| Viewpoints: Conservatism and Liberalism | |
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| Klemens von Metternich, Political Confession of Faith, 1820 | |
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| Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, 1848 | |
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| Caspar David Friedrich, Monastery Graveyard in the Snow, ca. 1817-1819 | |
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| The People's Charter, 1838 | |
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| R. William Steuart Trench, Realities of Irish Life: The Misery of the Potato Famine, 1847 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| Life in the Emerging Urban Society, 1840-1900 | |
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| Sir Edwin Chadwick, Inquiry into the Sanitary Condition of the Poor, 1842 | |
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| Viewpoints: Poverty and Prosperity in Urban Life | |
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| Jack London, People of the Abyss, 1902 | |
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| Isabella Beeton, Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management, 1861 | |
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| Clara Zetkin, Women's Work and the Trade Unions, 1887 | |
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| Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, 1871 | |
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| Herbert Spencer, Social Statics: Survival of the Fittest Applied to Humankind, 1851 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| The Age of Nationalism, 1850-1914 | |
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| Viewpoints: The State and The People | |
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| Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address, 1863 | |
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| Otto von Bismarck, Speech Before the Reichstag: On the Law for Workers' Compensation, 1884 | |
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| John Leighton, Paris Under the Commune, 1871 | |
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| �mile Zola, "J'Accuse" the French Army, 1898 | |
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| Leo Pinsker, Auto-Emancipation: A Russian Zionist Makes the Case for a Jewish Homeland, 1882 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| The West and the World, 1815-1914 | |
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| Viewpoints: Economic Imperialism | |
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| Commissioner Lin, Letter to Queen Victoria, 1839 | |
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| Jules Ferry, Speech Before the French Chamber of Deputies, 1884 | |
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| Sir Henry Morton Stanley, Autobiography: European Imperialism in Africa, 1909 | |
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| Mark Twain, King Leopold's Soliloquy, 1905 | |
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| The Boxers Declare Death to "Foreign Devils," 1900 | |
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| J. A. Hobson, Imperialism, 1902 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| War and Revolution, 1914-1919 | |
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| Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg, Telegram to the German Ambassador at Vienna, July 6, 1914 | |
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| Wilfred Owen, Poems: "Dulce et Decorum Est" and "Disabled," 1917 | |
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| Vera Brittain, Testament of Youth, 1933 | |
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| Helena Swanwick, The War in Its Effect Upon Women, 1916 | |
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| Vladimir I. Lenin, What Is to Be Done?, 1902 | |
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| Viewpoints: The Conditions of Peace | |
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| Woodrow Wilson, The Fourteen Points, 1918 | |
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| A Defeated Germany Contemplates the Peace Treaty, 1919 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| The Age of Anxiety, ca. 1900-1940 | |
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| Friedrich Nietzsche, The Gay Science: God Is Dead, the Victim of Science, 1882 | |
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| Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, 1900 | |
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| John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace: An Analysis of the Versailles Treaty, 1920 | |
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| Viewpoints: The Great Depression in Europe | |
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| Sir Percy Malcolm Stewart, First and Second Reports of the Commissioner for the Special Areas: Parliament Addresses the Great Depression in Britain, 1934 | |
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| Heinrich Hauser, With the Unemployed in Germany, 1933 | |
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| British Beauty, 1926 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| Dictatorships and the Second World War, 1919-1945 | |
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| Joseph Stalin, An Interview with H. G. Wells: Marxism and Liberalism, July 23, 1934 | |
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| Vladimir Tchernavin, I Speak for the Silent: Stalinist Interrogation Techniques Revealed, 1930 | |
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| Viewpoints: The Power of Propaganda | |
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| Soviet Propaganda Posters, 1941 and 1945 | |
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| Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf: The Art of Propaganda, 1924 | |
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| The Nuremberg Laws: The Centerpiece of Nazi Racial Legislation, 1935 | |
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| Winston Churchill, Speech Before the House of Commons, June 18, 1940 | |
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| Traian Popovici, Mein Bekenntnis: The Ghettoization of the Jews, 1941 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| Cold War Conflict and Consensus, 1945-1965 | |
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| George C. Marshall, An American Plan to Rebuild a Shattered Europe, June 5, 1947 | |
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| Alexander Solzhenitsyn, From One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich: The Stalinist Gulag, 1962 | |
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| Generals Leslie Groves and Thomas F. Farrell, Witnesses to the Birth of the Atomic Age, July 18, 1945 | |
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| Viewpoints: Criticisms of A "Civilized" Europe | |
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| Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, 1961 | |
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| Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex: Existential Feminism, 1949 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| Challenging the Postwar Order, 1960-1991 | |
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| Viewpoints: Reforming Socialist Societies | |
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| Solidarity Union, Twenty-One Demands: A Call for Workers' Rights and Freedom in a Socialist State, 1980 | |
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| Mikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World, 1987 | |
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| Jeff Widener, Tank Man, Tiananmen Square, 1989 | |
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| Alex Harvey, "Give My Compliments to the Chef," 1975 | |
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| Vaclav Havel, New Year's Address to the Nation, 1990 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |
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| Europe in the Age of Globalization, 1990 to the Present | |
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| Ko? Annan, The Fall of Srebrenica: An Assessment, 1999 | |
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| Amartya Sen, A World Not Neatly Divided, November 23, 2001 | |
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| Viewpoints: Envisioning the World to Come | |
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| Tariq Ramadan, Western Muslims and the Future of Islam, 2004 | |
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| Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man, 1992 | |
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| Protesting Globalization, 2001 | |
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| Comparative Questions | |