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List of Figures | |
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List of Maps | |
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List of Tables and Graphs | |
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Foreword | |
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Acknowledgements | |
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Preface | |
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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms | |
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The Prelude to White Domination | |
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The Setting of the Human Problem | |
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From the Dawn of History to the Time of Troubles | |
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The earliest South Africans | |
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The Khoisan peoples | |
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The emergence of Bantu-speaking chiefdoms | |
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The upheavals of the early nineteenth century | |
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The Birth of a Plural Society | |
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The early years of European settlement | |
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The Khoikoi and the Dutch | |
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Cape slavery | |
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The VOC and the Cape station | |
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The evolution of the Cape frontier in the eighteenth century | |
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The creation of a stratified society | |
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The Enlightenment and the Great Trek | |
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The eighteenth-century revolution and Cape Colonial 'Calvinism' | |
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The first British occupation, 1795 | |
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Batavian rule, 1803-6 | |
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The return of the British, 1806 | |
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The Albany Settlement of 1820 and its cultural impact | |
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The emancipation of the slaves and the Cape Coloured people | |
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The start of the Great Trek | |
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Chiefdoms, Republics and Colonies in the Nineteenth Century | |
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African Chiefdoms | |
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Tswana chiefdoms of the Kalahari borderland | |
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Chiefdoms of the Eastern Transvaal: Pedi, Lovedu, Venda and Ndzundza | |
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The southern Sotho | |
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The southern Nguni peoples: Xhosa, Thembu, Mpondo | |
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The Mfengu (Fingo) people | |
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The northern Nguni peoples: Zulu, Gaza, Ngoni and Swazi | |
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The Khumalo Ndebele | |
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The bonds of African society in the nineteenth century | |
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New concentrations of power after the Mfecane | |
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Boer Republics | |
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Voortrekker tribulations | |
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The Republic Natalia | |
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Potgieter and Pretorius on the highveld | |
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The Orange Free State Republic | |
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The South African Republic, the civil war, and the rise of Paul Kruger | |
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Ideological rifts under Pretorius and Burgers | |
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Kruger's Republic and the Uitlander challenge | |
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British Colonies | |
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Cape political and constitutional growth, 1820-72, and the politics of separatism | |
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Cape politics in the era of diamonds, and the Rhodes-Hofmeyr alliance, 1870-99 | |
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Black politics in the nineteenth-century Cape Colony | |
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The founding and settlement of colonial Natal | |
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Shepstone and African administration in Natal | |
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Political developments in Natal to responsible government, 1893 | |
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The arrival of Natal's Indians | |
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The Cape, Natal, and the debate about liberalism | |
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The Struggle for Possession | |
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White and Black: The Struggle for the Land | |
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The territorial confrontation: preliminary observations | |
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Conflicts on the Cape's northern borders | |
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The eastern frontier of the Cape Colony | |
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The beginnings of contact between the Xhosa and the colonists | |
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The sixth frontier war and the treaty system | |
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The conflicts of 1846-53 | |
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Sir George Grey and the cattle-killing of 1857 | |
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The Thembu experience | |
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The Gcaleka in exile: the war and rebellions of 1877-80 | |
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The incorporation of Pondoland | |
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Griqua conflicts with Settler States | |
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The Cape-Kora wars | |
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The Philippolis Griqua and their exile to Kokstad | |
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The Griqua of Nicholas Waterboer, the land court and the rebellion of 1878 | |
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Moshweshwe's Sotho, the Free State and the British, 1833-84 | |
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The Rolong of Thaba'Nchu and the Orange Free State | |
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Conflict on the eastern and northern frontiers of the Transvaal | |
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The Pedi, the Boers and the British, 1845-83 | |
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The Ndzundza, or Transvaal Ndebele | |
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The Lovedu and the Venda | |
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The Swazi and their 'documents' | |
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The survival and overthrow of the Zulu monarchy, 1838-1906 | |
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The frontier conflicts of the Tswana on the 'Road to the North' | |
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The Tlhaping and Rolong | |
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The northern Tswana kingdoms | |
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The Khumalo Ndebele and the British South Africa Company | |
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The role of the missionaries | |
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The changing ownership of the land | |
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The role of trade in colonial expansion | |
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Empire and Republics: The Breaking of Boer Independence, 1850-1902 | |
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Formal and informal Empire | |
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The pursuit of the Voortrekkers | |
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Republican independence: the Sand River and Bloemfontein Conventions, 1852-4 | |
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The high commissionerships of Sir George Grey, 1854-61, and Sir Philip Wodehouse, 1862-70 | |
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Sir Henry Barkly and the diamond fields, 1870-7 | |
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Federal strategies, 1874-80: Carnarvon, Frere, Shepstone and the annexation of the Transvaal | |
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Republican independence again, 1881-4: the Pretoria and London Conventions; conflict over Basutoland and the 'Road to the North', 1880-5 | |
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The scramble for southern Africa: gold, railways and rival imperialisms, 1880-95 | |
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Chamberlain, Rhodes, Milner and Kruger, 1895-9 | |
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The Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 | |
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The Shaping of a White Dominion | |
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The Treaty of Vereeniging, 31 May 1902 | |
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The Cape and Natal in the post-war era | |
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Milner and reconstruction | |
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The Milner regime and South African blacks: the Lagden Commission, segregation and the Zulu rebellion of 1906 | |
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Independent churches and the growth of African and Coloured political movements | |
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Gandhi | |
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The revival of Afrikanerdom | |
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The Transvaal British | |
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The move towards responsible government in the Transvaal and Orange River Colony | |
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The formation of the Union of South Africa, 1908-10 | |
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Black protest | |
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The Consolidation of a White State | |
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The Road to Afrikaner Dominance | |
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Union under Stress: Botha and Smuts, 1910-24 | |
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Louis Botha's accession to power and quarrel with Hertzog | |
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The segregation strategy of the Botha-Smuts regime | |
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The growth of African political opposition: the SANNC and the ICU | |
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Indian affairs: the climax of the Gandhi-Smuts encounter and the defiance of Sapru | |
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White worker resistance, 1913-14 | |
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The invasion of German South West Africa and the Afrikaner rebellion of 1914 | |
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South Africa in the Great War | |
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Party realignments, 1915-21 | |
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Smuts at Versailles, the South West African mandate and the bid to incorporate Southern Rhodesia and the Protectorates | |
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Shadows over the Smuts regime, 1921-2: Bondelswarts, Bulhoek and the Rand Rebellion | |
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The Nationalist--Labour Pact and the 1924 general election | |
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The Afrikaner's Road to Parity: Hertzog, 1924-33 | |
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1924--a turning-point? | |
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Dominion status, the flag crisis, and the Protectorates | |
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Hertzog's policies for Asians and Africans | |
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The general election of 1929 | |
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The ICU and the ANC in the 1920s | |
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The Great Depression and the politics of coalition and fusion | |
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White Unity, Black Division, 1933-9 | |
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The Fusion Government and the 'native bills' | |
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The black reaction to Hertzog's 1936 legislation | |
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The party split of 1934 and the rise of 'purified' Afrikaner nationalism | |
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The foreign policy of the Fusion era | |
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Smuts and the Liberal--Nationalist Confrontation, 1939-48 | |
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South Africa and the Second World War | |
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The Afrikaner Opposition, 1939-43 | |
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Liberal reform initiatives and a polarised response, 1942-3 | |
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The mineworkers' strike of 1946 and the Fagan Report | |
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Xuma's ANC and the rise of the Youth League | |
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'CAD', 'Anti-CAD' and the Non-European Unity Movement | |
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Durban's Indians and the 'Pegging' and 'Ghetto' Acts | |
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The Nationalist victory in 1948 | |
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The Age of the Social Engineers | |
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Trek into the Wilderness, 1948-60 | |
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The first purely Afrikaner government | |
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The Coloured vote issue and new Opposition groups | |
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The politics of the Defiance Campaign | |
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Tomlinson, Verwoerd, and the ideology of apartheid | |
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The Strijdom interlude | |
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The defeat of the Coloured parliamentary struggle | |
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Residential and cultural apartheid | |
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Internal Combustion, 1956-64 | |
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Rural resistance to the apartheid regime | |
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The Congress of the People and the Freedom Charter, 1955 | |
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The first of the major apartheid political trials | |
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Verwoerd's 'new vision' and Macmillan's 'winds of change', 1959-60 | |
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The ANC, the PAC, and Sharpeville, 1960 | |
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The first republican referendum, October 1960 | |
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Post-Sharpeville resistance: B. J. Vorster and the political underground | |
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The murder of Dr Verwoerd | |
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Modification and Backfire, 1964-78 | |
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Living with the Tomlinson Report: industrial licensing and rural resettlement | |
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The extension of Homeland self-government: the first reactions of Homeland leaders and liberal whites | |
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Black Consciousness | |
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The end of indirect representation for Coloured people, and the failure of the Coloured Representative Council | |
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The Theron Report and Vorster's constitutional plans | |
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The extrusion of the Hertzogites and the harrying of the Liberals | |
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African movements in exile and the start of the liberation struggle | |
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'Soweto': the crisis of 1976-7 | |
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The information scandal and the fall of Vorster | |
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At the Crossroads, 1978-90 | |
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P. W. Botha's political style and aims | |
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The rigid application of population resettlement | |
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The 'conspiracy' of gold and maize | |
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Signs of a white backlash | |
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Reactions to denationalisation in the Homelands | |
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School boycotts, resurgent trade unionism, and the revival of Black Consciousness and ANC related activities | |
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Confrontation about consensus: the constitutional debate, 1978-90 | |
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The emergency of 1985-90, the rise of F. W. de Klerk and the release of Nelson Mandela | |
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Salesmanship: Ethnasia contra mundum, 1945-90 | |
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South Africa and the birth of the United Nations | |
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The Malan-Strijdom era in foreign policy, 1948-58 | |
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Dr Verwoerd and the outside world | |
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Continuing confrontation in South West Africa and Angola, 1952-79 | |
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South Africa and Rhodesian independence | |
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Vorster: dialogue and detente | |
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Economic sanctions, employment codes, disinvestment and boycotts | |
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The Cape route, strategic minerals and oil | |
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P. W. Botha, the 'constellation' concept and the SADCC: through destabilisation to the independence of Namibia, 1979-90 | |
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Challenge and Response | |
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A Search for a Promised Land | |
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Towards the Sharing of Power | |
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A Convention for a Democratic South Africa | |
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Rolling mass action and a 'messy miracle' | |
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A Democratic South Africa is born: constitutional changes, 1993-6 | |
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A new approach to right and justice | |
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Back to partying, 1995-9 | |
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Foreign relations, 1990-9 | |
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Towards the Sharing of South Africa | |
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Land: the long road to accommodation | |
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Changes in the mining of diamonds and gold | |
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The delayed emergence of a nation of traders | |
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The saga of the workers | |
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The tortuous route to shared cities | |
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Body, Mind and Spirit: A Quest for Humane Values | |
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Health, welfare and physical pursuits | |
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The difficult road to better education | |
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A microcosm of cultures: faith communities and the transition to a democratic order | |
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Truth and Reconciliation | |
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Appendixes | |
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Heads of State, 1652-1999 | |
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Party Representation in the House of Assembly, 1910-99 | |
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Bibliographical Notes | |
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Index | |