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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Welcome Aboard | |
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| Narrative: A Crisis | |
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| Through the Main Gate | |
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| The Ship | |
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| The Gator Navy and the Other Navies | |
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| Across the Brow | |
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| Reconciling the Chart and the World | |
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| Up the Ladder | |
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| Military Identities | |
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| Enlisted Rates and Ratings | |
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| Officer Ranks | |
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| Finding One's Way Around a Ship | |
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| On the 05 Level | |
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| Navigating Large Ships | |
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| The Researcher's Identity | |
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| On the Bridge: Standard Steaming Watch | |
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| The Primary Duty of the QMOW | |
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| Sources of Information for Position Fixing | |
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| Visual Bearings | |
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| Radar | |
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| Fathometer | |
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| Navsat | |
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| Omega | |
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| Celestial Observations | |
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| Drai | |
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| Pit Sword And Dummy Log | |
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| Chronometers | |
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| At The Chart Table | |
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| Navigation Charts | |
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| The Secondary Duty of the QMOW | |
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| The Tertiary Duty of the QMOW | |
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| The Combat Information Center | |
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| Air Boss | |
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| Sea And Anchor Detail | |
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| Narrative: Sighting | |
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| Navigation as Computation | |
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| Marr's Levels of Description | |
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| A Computational Account of Navigation | |
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| Lines of Position | |
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| Circles of Position | |
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| Combining Positional Constraints: Position Fixing | |
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| The Position-Displacement Constraint | |
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| Course Planning | |
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| Dead Reckoning | |
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| Depth-Contour Matching | |
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| The Distance-Rate-Time Constraint | |
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| Summary of Constraints | |
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| Representational Assumptions of Western Navigation | |
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| Units and Frames of Reference | |
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| Geographic Position | |
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| The Nautical Mile | |
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| Charts | |
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| The Computational Properties Of Chart Projections | |
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| Rhumb-line sailing | |
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| Radio-beacon navigation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Representational Assumptions of Micronesian Navigation | |
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| Some Anomalous Interpretations | |
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| A Conceptual Blind Spot | |
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| An Alternative Model | |
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| Summary | |
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| Pre-Modern Western Navigation | |
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| The Divergence of Traditions | |
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| The Crystallization of Knowledge and Practice in the Physical Structure of Artifacts | |
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| The Astrolabe | |
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| The Compass Rose And Reckoning The Tides | |
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| Measurement And Technologies Of Digital Computation | |
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| The Chip Log | |
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| The Chart As A Model Of The World | |
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| Taking The Measure Of The Earth | |
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| Social Problems Of Chart Construction | |
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| The Computational Ecology of Navigation Tools | |
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| The Transparency of Cultural Representations | |
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| How We Fail to See Culture (Ours and Theirs) | |
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| The Implementaion of Contemporary Pilotage | |
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| A Broader Sense of Computation | |
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| The Fix Cycle as an Implementation of the Computation | |
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| Mappings across Representations | |
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| The World | |
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| The Alidade | |
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| The Phone Circuit And Bearing Record Log | |
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| The Hoey | |
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| The Chart | |
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| The Fathometer | |
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| Stepping Inside the Cognitive System | |
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| Levels of Analysis and Hierarchy of Task Reduction | |
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| A Cognitive Account of a Navigator's Work | |
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| Timing the Cycle | |
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| Identifying Landmarks | |
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| Aiming the Alidade | |
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| Reading Bearings | |
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| Reporting and Remembering Bearings | |
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| Recording Bearings and Depths | |
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| Setting the State of the Hoey | |
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| Plotting and Evaluating the Fix | |
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| Translation With Preservation Of Directional Relation | |
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| Hoey | |
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| Parallel Ruler | |
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| PMP | |
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| Evaluating the Fix | |
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| Extending the Dead Reckoning Track | |
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| Four Ways To Do Distance-Rate-Time Problems | |
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| Choosing Landmarks | |
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| Pipelining Activities | |
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| Constructing the Task Setting | |
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| Computation of Entry (Exit) Track | |
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| Updating the Chart | |
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| Computation of the Compass Deviation Table | |
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| The Compilation and Posting of the Tide and Current Graphs | |
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| Cashing In the Precomputation Precomputations Redistribute Cognitive Workload across Time | |
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| Precomputations Transform the Tasks Performed | |
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| Precomputations Capture Task-Invariant Properties on Multiple Time Scales | |
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| Precomputations Are a Window on a Cultural Process | |
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| Where Is the Computation? | |
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| Relating Mental Activity to Computation | |
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| Knowing Why Things Work | |
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| The Organization of Team Performances | |
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| Sea and Anchor Detail | |
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| Social Organization as Computational Architecture | |
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| Activity Score | |
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| Parallel Activities | |
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| Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processes | |
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| Human Interfaces | |
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| Daemons | |
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| Setting a depth threshold detector | |
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| Continuous bearings | |
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| Buffers | |
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| Communication and Memory | |
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| Task Allocation and Equipment Layout | |
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| Sequential Control of Action | |
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| The Navigation Team As A Production System | |
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| Social Structure And Goal Structure | |
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| Beam Bearings in Sea and Anchor Detail | |
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| Why Some Bearings Change More Rapidly Than Others | |
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| Example of Effects of Beam Bearings | |
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| The Rule of Thumb | |
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| Configuring the Team | |
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| Instructions Concerning Beam Bearings | |
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| Failure to Uncouple Shoot and Report Actions | |
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| Going Beyond the Job Description | |
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| Shared Task Performances | |
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| Distributed Memory | |
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| Recorder Cuing the Plotter | |
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| Landmark Descriptions | |
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| Recorder Setting Up Plotting Tool for Plotter | |
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| Flexibility and Robustness | |
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| Performance as a Language of Social Interaction | |
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| How to Say Things with Actions | |
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| Computational Properties of the Navigation Team | |
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| Communcation | |
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| Communication and Task Decompositions | |
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| Language Behavior as a Determinant of the Cognitive Properties of Groups | |
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| Communication in a Shared World | |
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| The Negotiation of Meaning in Interaction | |
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| Confirmation Bias in Individuals and Groups | |
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| Confirmation Bias in Formation of Interpretations | |
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| Interpretation Formation as Constraint Satisfaction | |
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| Constraint-Satisfaction Networks | |
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| Communities Of Networks | |
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| Parameters Of The Models | |
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| Distributions of Individual Properties | |
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| Communication Parameters | |
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| Social Organization and the Cognitive Properties of Groups | |
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| The Commonsense Architecture Of Group Intelligence | |
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| Producing A Diversity Of Interpretations | |
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| Organizational Solutions to the Problem of Reaching a Decision | |
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| Hierarchy | |
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| Hierarchy without Communication | |
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| Hierarchy with Communication | |
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| Consensus | |
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| Quaker Decision Rule--Unanimity or Nothing | |
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| Demographics of Conceptual Space: Voting | |
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| A Fundamental Tradeoff for Organizations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Navigation as a Context for Learning | |
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| The Developmental Trajectory of the Quartermaster | |
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| Sea and Anchor Detail | |
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| System Properties | |
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| The Distribution of Knowledge | |
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| The Decompositions of Tasks | |
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| The Horizon of Observation | |
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| Open Interactions | |
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| Open Tools | |
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| Learning from Error | |
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| Designing for Error | |
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| Controlling the Effects of Error | |
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| Error Detection | |
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| Access | |
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| Knowledge | |
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| Attention | |
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| Perspective | |
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| Recovery From Error | |
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| Learning From Error | |
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| Learning by Detecting and Correcting | |
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| Learning from the Correction of One's Own Mistakes | |
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| Learning from the Correction of the Mistakes of Others | |
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| Tradeoffs in Error Management | |
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| The Social Formation of Competence in Navigation | |
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| Standard Steaming Watch | |
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| Learning in Context | |
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| Theoretical Perspective for the Construction of a Model | |
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| Constructing Action Sequences | |
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| Written Procedure as Mediating Structure | |
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| Consequences of Mediated Task Performance | |
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| Learning The Sequence Of Steps Descriptions | |
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| Learning The Sequence Of Step Meanings | |
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| Learning The Sequence Of Actions | |
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| Why We Can't Say What We Do | |
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| Other Kinds Of Mediating Structure | |
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| Why We Talk To Ourselves | |
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| Counting | |
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| Organizational Learning | |
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| The Adaptive Response | |
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| Analysis | |
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| Computational Structure Driven By Data Availability | |
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| Emergence Of Mediating Structure | |
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| Partial Modularization | |
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| The New Stable Solution | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Memory Limitations And Availability Of Data | |
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| The Normative Computational Sequence, C+D=M, M+V=T, T+RB=TB | |
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| The Modular Computation | |
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| Fit Of Social And Computational Structure | |
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| Adaptation by Design? | |
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| Adaptation and Local Design | |
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| Evolution and Design | |
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| Cultural Cognition | |
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| The Costs of Failing to See Cognition as a Cultural Process | |
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| Marginalization of Culture | |
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| Mistaking the Properties of the System for Those of the Individual | |
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| Construction Of Primitive Thought | |
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| Overattribution | |
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| How Cognitive Science Put Symbols in the Head | |
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| The "Official" History of Cognitive Science | |
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| An Alternative History of Cognitive Science | |
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| Studying Cognition in the Wild | |
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| Cognition in the Intersection of Cultural Processes | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |