| |
| |
| Transport | |
| |
| |
| Units, Physical Constants, and Symbols | |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Membranes | |
| |
| |
| Historical Perspective | |
| |
| |
| Survey of Cell Structure | |
| |
| |
| Molecules | |
| |
| |
| Cell Membrane Structure | |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Transport | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Cell Requirements | |
| |
| |
| Transport in the Body Illustrated Using a Potato | |
| |
| |
| Cellular Transport Functions | |
| |
| |
| Survey of Transport Mechanisms | |
| |
| |
| Methods for Studying Membrane Transport | |
| |
| |
| Diffusion | |
| |
| |
| Macroscopic Description | |
| |
| |
| Microscopic Model | |
| |
| |
| The Diffusion Coefficient | |
| |
| |
| Equivalent Diffusion "Force" | |
| |
| |
| Diffusion Processes | |
| |
| |
| Membrane Diffusion | |
| |
| |
| Two-Compartment Diffusion | |
| |
| |
| Measurements of Diffusion Through Cellular Membranes | |
| |
| |
| Solvent Transport | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Hydraulic Pressure | |
| |
| |
| Osmotic Pressure | |
| |
| |
| Osmotic and Hydraulic Flow in Porous Media | |
| |
| |
| Steady-State Solvent Transport Through Thin Membranes | |
| |
| |
| The Physical Basis of Osmotic Pressure and Osmosis | |
| |
| |
| Primary Responses of Cells to Changes in Osmotic Pressure | |
| |
| |
| Molecular Mechanisms of Water Transport Through Cellular Membranes | |
| |
| |
| Concurrent Solute and Solvent Transport | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Concurrent, Uncoupled Transport of Solute and Solvent | |
| |
| |
| Inadequacies of Uncoupled Flow Equations | |
| |
| |
| Diffusion and Convection Through a Porous Membrane: Indistinguishable Solute | |
| |
| |
| The Kedem-Katchalsky Equations for Linear, Coupled Flow Through a Membrane | |
| |
| |
| Coupled Solute and Solvent Transport for a Cell | |
| |
| |
| Carrier-Mediated Transport | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Chemical Reactions: A Macroscopic Description | |
| |
| |
| Discrete Diffusion Through Membranes | |
| |
| |
| Carrier Models | |
| |
| |
| Hexose Transport in Cells | |
| |
| |
| Regulation of Glucose | |
| |
| |
| Molecular Biology of Glucose Transporters | |
| |
| |
| Ion Transport and Resting Potential | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Continuum Electrodiffusion | |
| |
| |
| The State of Intracellular Ions | |
| |
| |
| Macroscopic Model of Passive Ion Transport | |
| |
| |
| Resting Potential of Uniform Isolated Cells | |
| |
| |
| Inadequacy of Passive Ion Transport Models | |
| |
| |
| Active Ion Transport | |
| |
| |
| Comparison of Active and Passive Transport | |
| |
| |
| Cellular Homeostasis | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Volume Regulation | |
| |
| |
| General Equations for Homeostasis | |
| |
| |
| Homeostasis for Simple Cell Models | |
| |
| |
| Inventory of Homeostatic Mechanisms | |
| |
| |
| Transport Mechanisms in Selected Cell Types | |