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| About the Authors | |
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| Preface | |
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| The History of Programming | |
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| The Need for Programming | |
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| The Early Days of Programming | |
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| The Beginning of Network Programming: A New Lease for Radio | |
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| Radio's Golden Age: The Advertising Agency Years | |
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| The Introduction of Television and Its Effect on Radio | |
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| Programming Cycles and Trends | |
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| Radio Redux: The Switch from Shows to Formats | |
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| Television's Golden Age of Drama | |
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| Quiz Shows Take Center Stage | |
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| The Television Networks Take Over Programming | |
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| The Development of Public Broadcasting | |
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| The Financial Interest and Domestic Syndication Rule | |
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| The Rise of Independent Stations and Syndicators | |
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| The Explosion of Cable | |
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| Syndication in Radio | |
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| New Networks with Targeted and Niche Programming | |
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| The Quest for a Young Demographic | |
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| Viewing Patterns and Changing Audience Attention Spans | |
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| The Decline of Longform Programming | |
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| Supercharged Programming Choices: The Internet | |
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| New Media Recording Technologies | |
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| The Rise of Consumer-supported Media | |
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| The Video Game Explosion | |
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| Regulations | |
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| Globalization | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References/Notes | |
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| Sources of Television Programming | |
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| Beyond the Idea-into the "Deep Pockets" | |
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| Major Production Companies | |
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| Independent Production Companies | |
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| Foreign Production Sources | |
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| Networks | |
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| Stations | |
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| Buyers | |
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| Syndicators | |
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| Advertisers | |
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| In-House Production | |
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| Members of the Public | |
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| Newspapers, Magazines, and Books | |
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| Managers, Agents, and Stars | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References/Notes | |
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| Sources of Radio and Internet Programming | |
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| Sources of Programming for Radio | |
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| Syndicator/Network Programming | |
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| The Purpose of Today's Radio Networks/Syndicators | |
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| From Town to City to Metropolis and Syndication | |
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| Sources of Music Programming | |
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| Sources of News Programming | |
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| Sources of Talk Radio Programming | |
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| Sources of Other Programming | |
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| Sources of Satellite Radio Programming | |
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| Sources of Low-Power FM Programming | |
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| Sources of Internet Programming | |
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| Every Computer a Potential Source of Programming | |
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| Obstacles to Internet Mass Usage | |
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| Traditional Media Sources | |
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| Internet-Only Sources | |
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| Private vs. Public Sources of Programming | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References/Notes | |
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| Development | |
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| Television Development | |
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| Securing the Rights | |
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| Attaching a Star, Writer, or Showrunner During the Development Process | |
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| The Role of Agents | |
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| Development Deals | |
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| Getting Ready for the Pitch: Creating a Log Line | |
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| Writing an Effective Log Line | |
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| Getting a Meeting | |
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| The Pitch Meeting | |
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| "Laying Pipe" for a Pass | |
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| Fundamentals of the Deal | |
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| Public Television Development | |
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| Syndication Development | |
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| Station Development | |
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| The Pilot | |
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| Development Ratios | |
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| Testing | |
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| The Decision | |
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| Globalization | |
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| Radio Development | |
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| Developing a Format | |
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| Management and Consultants | |
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| Developing Programming | |
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| Profit and Other-Than-Profit Motives | |
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| Satellite Radio Development | |
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| Public Radio Development | |
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| Internet Development | |
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| History of Internet Development | |
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| Traditional Developers Adapt to the Internet | |
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| A New Venue for Independent Developers | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References/Notes | |
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| Testing | |
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| Television Testing | |
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| Awareness Testing | |
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| Sampling | |
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| Focus Groups | |
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| Minitheater Research | |
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| Cable-Based Research | |
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| Telephone Research | |
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| Station Testing | |
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| Public Broadcasting | |
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| Radio Testing | |
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| Sampling | |
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| Testing Methodology | |
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| Research Areas | |
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| Public Radio | |
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| Internet Testing | |
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| Testing (Or Not) Simulcast Content | |
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| Testing Archived and Independently Produced Content | |
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| Testing User Friendliness | |
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| Does the Research Work? | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References/Notes | |
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| Elements of Successful Programming | |
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| Television Programming | |
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| Programming Objectives | |
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| The Search for a Successful Formula | |
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| Industry Professionals Weigh In | |
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| Key Elements for Success | |
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| Radio Programming | |
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| Programming Objectives | |
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| Fundamental Appeals to an Audience | |
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| Qualities Tied to Success | |
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| Internet Programming | |
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| Freshness | |
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| Targeting Content | |
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| Consistency | |
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| Innovation | |
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| Branding | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References/Notes | |
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| Influences on Television Programming | |
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| External Influences on Television | |
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| Station Influence | |
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| Advertisers | |
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| The Family Friendly Programming Forum | |
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| Pressure Groups | |
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| The Religious Right | |
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| Timing | |
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| The Media | |
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| Academic and Nonprofit Studies | |
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| The Government | |
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| Internal Influences on Television | |
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| The Sales Department | |
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| The Finance Department | |
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| The Broadcast Standards and Practices Department | |
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| The Top Management | |
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| The Promotion, Marketing and Research Divisions | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References/Notes | |
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| Influences on Radio and Internet Programming | |
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| Influences on Radio Programming | |
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| Internal Influences on Radio | |
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| External Influences on Radio | |
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| Influences on Internet Programming | |
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| Internal Influences on Internet Content | |
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| External Influences on Internet Content | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References/Notes | |
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| Scheduling Strategies for Television | |
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| Television Scheduling | |
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| Fitting the Show to the Available Audience | |
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| Dayparting | |
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| Launching the Show: The First Strategy | |
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| Tentpoling | |
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| Hammocking | |
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| Counterprogramming | |
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| Bridging and Supersizing | |
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| Blunting | |
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| Stacking | |
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| Stunting | |
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| Crossprogramming | |
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| Theming | |
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| Stripping | |
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| Changing a Show's Time Slot | |
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| Overexposure | |
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| Rerunning and Repurposing | |
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| Boosting the Audience in Sweep Periods | |
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| Patience | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References/Notes | |
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| Scheduling Strategies for Radio and the Internet | |
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| Commercial Radio Scheduling | |
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| The Clock | |
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| Dayparting | |
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| Launching | |
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| Satellite Radio Scheduling | |
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| Public Radio Scheduling | |
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| Internet Scheduling | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References/Notes | |
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| Program Evaluation | |
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| Television | |
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| Nielsen | |
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| Commercial Radio | |
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| Arbitron | |
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| RADAR | |
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| The Internet | |
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| Do the Ratings Work and Do Samples Sample? | |
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| Variables That Affect Rating Accuracy | |
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| Rating Techniques | |
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| Studies and Investigations | |
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| Programming Aberrations | |
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| How Programmers Should Use Ratings | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References/Notes | |
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| Changing and Canceling Programs | |
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| Television | |
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| Unsatisfactory Ratings | |
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| Exhaustion | |
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| A Lack of Focus | |
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| Social Changes | |
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| Aging Demographics | |
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| The Wrong Time Period | |
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| Excessive Relocation | |
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| A Lack of Awareness | |
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| Bringing on the Understudy | |
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| The Desire for Something New | |
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| Programming Options | |
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| Giving a Cancellation Notice | |
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| Radio | |
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| Adjusting Program Elements | |
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| Network Changes | |
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| Dealing with Unwanted Changes | |
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| Internet | |
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| Is It Worth the Trouble? | |
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| TMI: Too Much Information | |
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| Facelifts and Add-ons | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References/Notes | |
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| Programming Ethics | |
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| The Meaning of Ethics | |
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| Ethics and Illegality | |
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| Ethics in Programming Decisions and Business Practices | |
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| Ethics and Lying | |
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| Ethical Guidelines | |
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| Considering Ethics | |
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| Case Histories: Actual Incidents | |
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| Checkbook Journalism | |
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| Make the Deal, but Don't Close It | |
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| An On-Air Murder Confession | |
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| Sex in Public Places | |
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| Sharing the Wealth | |
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| Who Is to Blame? | |
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| Anonymous Complaints at E! | |
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| A Suicide on TV | |
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| Images of the Iraqi War | |
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| The Right to Privacy | |
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| First Amendment vs. the Sixth Amendment | |
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| Entertainment Programming Ethics | |
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| A Series of Ethical Dilemmas | |
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| References/Notes | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |