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| List of Illustrations | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| History, Collective Memory, and Countermemory | |
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| The Dynamics of Collective Remembering | |
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| The Zionist Reconstruction of the Past | |
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| The Zionist Periodization of Jewish History | |
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| Exile: Suppressed Nationhood, Discredited Past Locating the Nation | |
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| Antiquity and the National Revival | |
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| Historical Continuity/Symbolic Discontinuities | |
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| Historical Turning Points | |
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| Liminality and Transitions | |
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| The Birth of National Myths | |
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| The Battle of Tel Hai | |
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| A New Commemorative Tradition | |
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| A Myth of New Beginning | |
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| The Bar Kokhba Revolt | |
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| Dual Image and Transformed Memory | |
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| Archeological Findings and Symbolic Roots | |
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| The Fall of Masada | |
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| The Rediscovery of Masada | |
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| A Myth of Fighting to the Bitte | |
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| End Masada and the Holocaust as Countermetaphors | |
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| Literature, Ritual, and the Invention of Tradition | |
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| Hebrew Literature and Education | |
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| The Arm, the Plow, and the Gun | |
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| Tel Hai: From "History" to "Legend" | |
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| The Rebirth of the Native Hebrew | |
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| The Patriotic Legacy of Heroic Death | |
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| Bar Kokhba, the Bonfire, and the Lion From Mourning to Celebration | |
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| The Lag ba-Omer Bonfire | |
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| Bar Kokhba and the Lion | |
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| Invented Tradition: The Old and the New | |
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| The Rock and the Vow | |
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| "Never Again Shall Masada Fall!" | |
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| A New Hebrew Pilgrimage | |
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| Climbing Up as a Patriotic Ritual Between Ruins and Texts | |
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| The State's Sponsorship of Memory | |
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| The Tourist Consumption of a Folk Tradition | |
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| Calendars and Sites as Commemorative Loci | |
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| Politics of Commemoration | |
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| Tel Hai and the Meaning of Pioneering | |
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| The Plow versus the Gun A Patriot's Legacy or a Victim's Curse? | |
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| Jewish Settlements and the Politics of Withdrawal Jokes and the Subversion of Myth Humor, Wars, and Political Protest | |
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| The Bar Kokhba Revolt and the Meaning of Defeat Patriotic Dreams and Political Reality | |
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| Archeology, Religion, and the War of the Bones | |
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| State Commemoration and Political Frictions | |
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| Masada and the Meaning of Death | |
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| The Tragic Commemorative Narrative | |
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| The Historical Debate: Between Facts and Fiction | |
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| The Traditionalist Debate: Masada versus Yavne | |
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| The Legal Debate: Suicide or Martyrdom? | |
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| The Activist Critique: Heroism or Escapism? | |
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| The Political Debate: Realism or a "Complex" | |
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| Conclusion: History, Memory, and Invented Tradition | |
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| Memory, Myth Plot Structures, and the Holiday Cycle | |
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| The Construction of Narrative Boundaries | |
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| Turning Points and Multiple Meanings | |
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| The Frailty of Invented Tradition From Collective Memory to Multiple Memories | |
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| Notes | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |