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| In this Section: | |
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| Brief Table of Contents | |
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| Full Table of Contents | |
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| Brief Table of Contents | |
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| Africa ca. 6000 BCE-ca. 1600 CE | |
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| Middle Passage ca. 1450-1809 | |
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| Black People in Colonial North America 1526-1763 | |
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| Rising Expectations: African Americans and the Struggle for Independence 1763-1783 | |
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| African Americans in the New Nation 1783-1820 | |
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| Life in the Cotton Kingdom 1793-1861 | |
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| Free Black People in Antebellum America | |
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| Opposition to Slavery 1780-1833 | |
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| Let Your Motto Be Resistance 1833-1850 | |
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| "And Black People Were at the Heart of It" 1846-1861 | |
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| Liberation: African Americans and the Civil War 1861-1865 | |
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| The Meaning of Freedom: The Promise of Reconstruction 1865-1868 | |
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| The Meaning of Freedom: The Failure of Reconstruction 1868-1877 | |
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| Full Table of Contents | |
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| Africa ca. 6000 BCE -ca. 1600 CE | |
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| A Huge and Diverse Land | |
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| The Birthplace of Humanity | |
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| Ancient Civilizations and Old Arguments | |
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| West Africa | |
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| Kongo and Angola | |
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| West African Society and Culture | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Middle Passage ca. 1450-1809 | |
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| The European Age of Exploration and Colonization | |
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| The Slave Trade in Africa | |
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| The Origins of the Atlantic Slave Trade | |
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| Growth Of the Atlantic Slave Trade | |
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| The African-American Ordeal from Capture to Destination | |
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| African Women on Slave Ships | |
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| Seasoning | |
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| The End Of the Journey: Masters and Slaves in the Americas | |
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| The Ending of the Atlantic Slave Trade | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Black People in Colonial North America 1526-1763 | |
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| The Peoples of North America | |
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| Black Servitude in the Chesapeake | |
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| Plantation Slavery, 1700-1750 | |
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| Slave Life in Early America | |
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| Miscegenation and Creolization | |
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| The Origins of African-American Culture | |
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| Slavery in the Northern Colonies | |
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| Slavery in Spanish Florida and French Louisiana | |
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| African Americans in New Spain's Northern Borderlands | |
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| Black Women in Colonial America | |
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| Black Resistance and Rebellion | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Rising Expectations: African Americans and the Struggle for Independence 1763-1783 | |
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| The Crisis of the British Empire | |
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| The Declaration of Independence and African Americans | |
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| The Black Enlightenment | |
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| African Americans in the War for Independence | |
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| The Revolution and Emancipation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| African Americans in the New Nation 1783-1820 | |
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| Forces for Freedom | |
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| Forces for Slavery | |
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| The Emergence of Free Black Communities | |
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| Black Leaders and Choices | |
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| The War of 1812 | |
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| The Missouri Compromise | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Life in the Cotton Kingdom 1793-1861 | |
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| The Expansion of Slavery | |
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| Slave Labor in Agriculture | |
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| House Servants and Skilled Slaves | |
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| Urban and Industrial Slavery | |
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| Punishment | |
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| The Domestic Slave Trade | |
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| Slave Families | |
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| The Socialization of Slaves | |
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| Religion | |
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| The Character of Slavery and Slaves | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Free Black People in Antebellum America | |
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| Demographics of Freedom | |
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| The Jacksonian Era | |
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| Limited Freedom in the North | |
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| Black Communities in the Urban North | |
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| African-American Institutions | |
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| Free African Americans in the Upper South | |
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| Free African Americans in the Deep South | |
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| Free African Americans in the Far West | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Opposition to Slavery 1780-1833 | |
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| Antislavery Begins in America | |
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| The Path toward a More Radical Antislavery Movement | |
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| Black Abolitionist Women | |
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| The Baltimore Alliance | |
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| David Walker and Nat Turner | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Let Your Motto Be Resistance 1833-1850 | |
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| A Rising Tide of Racism and Violence | |
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| The Antislavery Movement | |
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| Black Community Support | |
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| The American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society and the Liberty Party | |
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| A More Aggressive Abolitionism | |
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| Black Militancy | |
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| Frederick Douglass | |
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| Revival of Black Nationalism | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| "And Black People Were at the Heart of It" 1846-1861 | |
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| The Lure of the West | |
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| Fugitive Slaves | |
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| The Rochester Convention, 1853 | |
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| Nativism and the Know-Nothings | |
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| The Kansas-Nebraska Act | |
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| Preston Brooks Attacks Charles Sumner | |
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| The Dred Scott Decision | |
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| The Lincoln-Douglas Debates | |
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| Abraham Lincoln and Black People | |
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| John Brown and the Raid on Harpers Ferry | |
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| The Election of Abraham Lincoln | |
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| Disunion | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Liberation: African Americans and the Civil War 1861-1865 | |
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| Lincoln's Aims | |
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| Black Men Volunteer and are Rejected | |
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| Union Policies toward Confederate Slaves | |
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| The Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation | |
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| The Emancipation Proclamation | |
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| Black Men Fight for the Union | |
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| The Confederate Reaction to Black Soldiers | |
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| Black Men in the Union Navy | |
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| Liberators, Spies, and Guides | |
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| Violent Opposition to Black People | |
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| Refugees | |
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| Black People and the Confederacy | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Meaning of Freedom: The Promise of Reconstruction 1865-1868 | |
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| The End Of Slavery | |
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| Land | |
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| The Freedmen's Bureau | |
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| The Black Church | |
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| Education | |
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| Violence | |
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| The Crusade for Political and Civil Rights | |
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| Presidential Reconstruction under Andrew Johnson | |
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| Black Codes | |
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| Black Conventions | |
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| The Radical Republicans | |
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| The Fourteenth Amendment | |
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| Radical Reconstruction | |
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| The Reaction of White Southerners | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Meaning of Freedom: The Failure of Reconstruction 1868-1877 | |
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| Constitutional Conventions | |
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| The Issues | |
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| Economic Issues | |
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| Black Politicians: An Evaluation | |
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| Republican Factionalism | |
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| Opposition | |
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| The Ku Klux Klan | |
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| The West | |
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| The Fifteenth Amendment | |
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| The Enforcement Acts | |
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| The North and Reconstruction | |
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| The Freedmen's Bank | |
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| The Civil Rights Act of 1875 | |
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| The End of Reconstruction | |
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| Conclusion | |