| |
| |
Preface for Students | |
| |
| |
Preface for Instructors | |
| |
| |
| |
Writing Process | |
| |
| |
| |
The Writing Situation | |
| |
| |
| |
Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
Subject | |
| |
| |
| |
Purpose | |
| |
| |
| |
Audience | |
| |
| |
| |
Invention | |
| |
| |
| |
Journal keeping | |
| |
| |
| |
Observing | |
| |
| |
| |
Freewriting | |
| |
| |
| |
Brainstorming | |
| |
| |
| |
Drawing | |
| |
| |
| |
Asking questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Thesis and Organization | |
| |
| |
| |
Thesis statement | |
| |
| |
| |
Organization sample Essay | |
| |
| |
| |
Drafting | |
| |
| |
| |
Starting | |
| |
| |
| |
Maintaining momentum | |
| |
| |
| |
Sample first draft | |
| |
| |
| |
Revising and Editing | |
| |
| |
| |
Revising the whole essay | |
| |
| |
| |
Sample revision | |
| |
| |
| |
Editing | |
| |
| |
| |
Formatting; proofreading | |
| |
| |
| |
Sample Final Draft | |
| |
| |
| |
Collaborating | |
| |
| |
| |
Preparing a writing portfolio | |
| |
| |
| |
Paragraphs | |
| |
| |
| |
Unity around a central idea | |
| |
| |
| |
Coherence | |
| |
| |
| |
Development | |
| |
| |
| |
Introductions; conclusions | |
| |
| |
| |
Linking paragraphs | |
| |
| |
| |
Document Design | |
| |
| |
| |
Academic papers | |
| |
| |
| |
Principles of design | |
| |
| |
| |
Elements of design | |
| |
| |
| |
Illustrations | |
| |
| |
| |
The Web | |
| |
| |
| |
Readers with vision loss | |
| |
| |
| |
Writing in and out of college | |
| |
| |
| |
Critical Thinking and Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Critical reading techniques | |
| |
| |
| |
Critical response | |
| |
| |
| |
Critically viewing images | |
| |
| |
| |
Academic Writing | |
| |
| |
| |
Responding to texts | |
| |
| |
| |
Purpose | |
| |
| |
| |
Audience | |
| |
| |
| |
Structure and content | |
| |
| |
| |
Language | |
| |
| |
| |
Sample critical response | |
| |
| |
| |
Writing Arguments | |
| |
| |
| |
Elements of argument | |
| |
| |
| |
Reasonableness | |
| |
| |
| |
Organization | |
| |
| |
| |
Sample argument | |
| |
| |
| |
Reading and Writing About Literature | |
| |
| |
| |
Writing while reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Critical reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Sample literary analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
Taking Essay Exams | |
| |
| |
| |
Preparing | |
| |
| |
| |
Planning | |
| |
| |
| |
Drafting | |
| |
| |
| |
Rereading | |
| |
| |
| |
Sample Essay Exams | |
| |
| |
| |
Public Writing | |
| |
| |
| |
Business letters and rÿsumÿs sample letter and rÿsumÿs | |
| |
| |
| |
Memos sample Memo | |
| |
| |
| |
E-mail sample e-mail message | |
| |
| |
| |
Community work sample newsletter | |
| |
| |
| |
Making Oral Presentations | |
| |
| |
| |
Purpose and audience | |
| |
| |
| |
Organization | |
| |
| |
| |
Delivery sample powerpoint slides | |
| |
| |
| |
Clarity and Style | |
| |
| |
| |
Emphasis | |
| |
| |
| |
Subjects and verbs | |
| |
| |
| |
Sentence beginnings and endings | |
| |
| |
| |
Coordination | |
| |
| |
| |
Subordination | |
| |
| |
| |
Parallelism | |
| |
| |
| |
With and, but, or, nor, yet | |
| |
| |
| |
With both and, etc | |
| |
| |
| |
In comparisons | |
| |
| |
| |
In lists, headings, outlines | |
| |
| |
| |
Variety and Details | |
| |
| |
| |
Sentence length | |
| |
| |
| |
Sentence structure | |
| |
| |
| |
Details | |
| |
| |
| |
Appropriate and Exact Words | |
| |
| |
| |
Appropriate words | |
| |
| |
| |
Exact words | |
| |
| |
| |
Completeness | |
| |
| |
| |
Compounds | |
| |
| |
| |
Needed words | |
| |
| |
| |
Conciseness | |
| |
| |
| |
Focusing on subject and verb | |
| |
| |
| |
Cutting empty words | |
| |
| |
| |
Cutting repetition | |
| |
| |
| |
Tightening clauses and phrases | |
| |
| |
| |
Revising there is or it is | |
| |
| |
| |
Combining sentences | |
| |
| |
| |
Avoiding jargon | |
| |
| |
| |
Sentence Parts and Patterns | |
| |
| |
Basic Grammar | |
| |
| |
| |
Parts of Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
The Sentence | |
| |
| |
| |
Phrases and Subordinate Clauses | |
| |
| |
| |
Sentence Types | |
| |
| |
Verbs | |
| |
| |
| |
Forms | |
| |
| |
| |
Irregular verbs | |
| |
| |
| |
Sit/set; lie/lay; rise/raise | |
| |
| |
| |
S and -ed forms | |
| |
| |
| |
Helping verbs | |
| |
| |
| |
Verb + gerund or infinitive | |
| |
| |
| |
Verb + Particle | |
| |
| |
| |
Tense | |
| |
| |
| |
Present tense: sing | |
| |
| |
| |
Perfect tenses: have/had/will have sung | |
| |
| |
| |
Progressive tenses: is/was/will be singing | |
| |
| |
| |
Consistency | |
| |
| |
| |
Sequence | |
| |
| |
| |
Mood | |
| |
| |
| |
Subjunctive: I wish I were | |
| |
| |
| |
Consistency | |
| |
| |
| |
Voice | |
| |
| |
| |
Active vs. passive | |
| |
| |
| |
Consistency | |
| |
| |
| |
Subject-Verb Agreement | |
| |
| |
| |
S and -es endings | |
| |
| |
| |
Intervening words | |
| |
| |
| |
Subjects with and | |
| |
| |
| |
Subjects with or or nor | |
| |
| |
| |
Everyone and other indefinite pronouns | |
| |
| |
| |
Team and other collective nouns | |
| |
| |
| |
Who, which, that | |
| |
| |
| |
News and other singular nouns ending in -s | |
| |
| |
| |
Verb preceding subject | |
| |
| |
| |
Is, are, and other linking verbs | |
| |
| |
| |
Titles; words being defined | |
| |
| |
Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| |
Case | |
| |
| |
| |
She and I vs. her and me | |
| |
| |
| |
It was she vs. It was her | |
| |
| |
| |
Who vs. whom | |
| |
| |
| |
Other constructions | |
| |
| |
| |
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement | |
| |
| |
| |
Antecedents with and | |
| |
| |
| |
Antecedents with or or nor | |
| |
| |
| |
Everyone, person, and other indefinite words | |
| |
| |
| |
Team and other collective nouns | |
| |
| |
| |
Pronoun Reference | |
| |
| |
| |
Clear reference | |
| |
| |
| |
Close reference | |
| |
| |
| |
Specific reference | |
| |
| |
| |
Appropriate you | |
| |
| |
| |
Consistency | |
| |
| |
Modifiers | |
| |
| |
| |
Adjectives and Adverbs | |
| |
| |
| |
Adjective vs. adverb | |
| |
| |
| |
Adjective with linking verb: felt bad | |
| |
| |
| |
Comparisons | |
| |
| |
| |
Double negatives | |
| |
| |
| |
Participles: boring vs. bored | |
| |
| |
| |
A, an, the; other determiners | |
| |
| |
| |
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers | |
| |
| |
| |
Misplaced modifiers | |
| |
| |
| |
Dangling modifiers | |
| |
| |
Sentence Faults | |
| |
| |
| |
Sentence Fragments | |
| |
| |
| |
Tests | |
| |
| |
| |
Revision | |
| |
| |
| |
Acceptable fragments | |
| |
| |
| |
Comma Splices and Fused Sentences | |
| |
| |
| |
Main clauses without and, but, etc | |
| |
| |
| |
Main clauses with however, for example, etc | |
| |
| |
| |
Mixed Sentences | |
| |
| |
| |
Mixed meaning | |
| |
| |
| |
Tangled grammar | |
| |
| |
| |
Repeated subjects and other Parts | |
| |
| |
| |
Punctuation | |
| |
| |
| |
End Punctuation | |
| |
| |
| |
Period | |
| |
| |
| |
Question mark | |
| |
| |
| |
Exclamation point | |
| |
| |
| |
Comma | |
| |
| |
| |
Main clauses with and, but, etc | |
| |
| |
| |
Introductory elements | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonessential elements | |
| |
| |
| |
Items in series | |
| |
| |
| |
Two or more adjectives | |
| |
| |
| |
Dates, addresses, etc | |
| |
| |
| |
With quotations | |
| |
| |
| |
Misuses | |
| |
| |
| |
Semicolon | |
| |
| |
| |
Main clauses without and, but, etc | |
| |
| |
| |
Main clauses with however, for example, etc | |
| |
| |
| |
Main clauses or series items with commas | |
| |
| |
| |
Misuses | |
| |
| |
| |
Colon | |
| |
| |
| |
Concluding explanation, series, etc | |
| |
| |
| |
Salutation; title and subtitle; time | |
| |
| |
| |
Misuses | |
| |
| |
| |
Apostrophe | |
| |
| |
| |
Possession | |
| |
| |
| |
Misuses | |
| |
| |
| |
Contractions | |
| |
| |
| |
Plural abbreviations, etc | |
| |
| |
| |
Quotation Marks | |
| |
| |
| |
Direct quotations | |
| |
| |
| |
Within a quotation | |
| |
| |
| |
Titles of works | |
| |
| |
| |
Words used in a special sense | |
| |
| |
| |
Misuses | |
| |
| |
| |
With other punctuation | |
| |
| |
| |
Other Marks | |
| |
| |
| |
Dash or dashes | |
| |
| |
| |
Parentheses | |
| |
| |
| |
Ellipsis mark | |
| |
| |
| |
Brackets | |
| |
| |
| |
Slash | |
| |
| |
| |
Spelling and Mechanics | |
| |
| |
| |
Spelling | |
| |
| |
| |
Hyphen | |
| |
| |
| |
Capital Letters | |
| |
| |
| |
Italics or Underlining | |
| |
| |
| |
Abbreviations | |
| |
| |
| |
Numbers | |
| |
| |
| |
Research and Documentation | |
| |
| |
| |
Research Strategy | |
| |
| |
| |
Planning | |
| |
| |
| |
Research journal | |
| |
| |
| |
Subject and question | |
| |
| |
| |
Goals for sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Working, annotated bibliography | |
| |
| |
| |
Finding Sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Your library's Web site | |
| |
| |
| |
Searching electronically | |
| |
| |
| |
Reference works | |
| |
| |
| |
Books | |
| |
| |
| |
Periodicals | |
| |
| |
| |
The Web | |
| |
| |
| |
Other online sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Government publications | |
| |
| |
| |
Images, audio, and video | |
| |
| |
| |
Your own sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Working with Sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Evaluating sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Synthesizing sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Gathering information | |
| |
| |
| |
Using summary, paraphrase, quotation | |
| |
| |
| |
Integrating sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Avoiding Plagiarism and Documenting Sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Plagiarism and the Internet | |
| |
| |
| |
What not to acknowledge | |
| |
| |
| |
What must be acknowledged | |
| |
| |
| |
Online sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Documenting sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Writing the Paper | |
| |
| |
| |
Focusing and organizing | |
| |
| |
| |
Drafting; revising; formatting | |
| |
| |
| |
MLA Documentation and Format | |
| |
| |
| |
Parenthetical text citations | |
| |
| |
| |
List of works cited | |
| |
| |
| |
Format of paper | |
| |
| |
| |
Sample MLA Paper | |
| |
| |
| |
APA Documentation and Format | |
| |
| |
| |
Parenthetical text citations | |
| |
| |
| |
List of references | |
| |
| |
| |
Format of paper | |
| |
| |
| |
Sample APA paper | |
| |
| |
Glossary of Usage | |
| |
| |
Answers to Selected Exercises | |
| |
| |
Index | |