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| Preface | |
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| Environmental Problems and Politics | |
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| Environmental Policy and Politics | |
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| Perspectives on Environmental Problems | |
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| Scientific Knowledge and Its Use | |
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| Economics and Incentives | |
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| Environmental Values and Ethics | |
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| The Role of Government and Politics | |
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| Democracy, Politics, and Environmental Policy | |
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| Defining Environmental Policy | |
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| Policy Typologies | |
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| The Breadth of Environmental Policy | |
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| Environmental Problems and Public Policy | |
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| Defining the Problems: The Nature of Environmental Risks | |
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| Coping with Environmental Risks | |
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| Public Policy Responses | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Judging the State of the Environment | |
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| Air Quality | |
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| Gains in Air Quality and Remaining Problems | |
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| Indoor Air Quality | |
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| Acid Precipitation | |
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| CFCs and the Stratospheric Ozone Layer | |
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| Water Quality | |
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| Pollution of Surface Waters | |
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| Drinking Water Quality | |
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| Toxic Chemicals and Hazardous Wastes | |
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| Toxic Chemicals and Health Effects | |
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| Hazardous Wastes | |
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| Contaminated Federal Facilities | |
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| Radioactive Wastes | |
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| Solid Waste and Consumer Waste | |
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| Energy Use and Climate Change | |
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| The Nature of Energy Problems | |
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| Fossil Fuels and the Threat of Climate Change | |
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| Biological Diversity and Habitat Loss | |
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| Biodiversity Loss and Implications | |
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| Policy Actions and Effects | |
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| Population Growth | |
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| Population and Sustainable Development | |
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| Growth Rates and Projected Population Increases | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Making Environmental Policy | |
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| Understanding Environmental Politics | |
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| The Policy Process Model | |
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| Agenda Setting | |
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| Policy Formulation | |
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| Policy Legitimation | |
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| Policy Implementation | |
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| Policy and Program Evaluation | |
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| Policy Change | |
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| Patterns in Environmental Policymaking | |
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| Characteristics of U.S. Government and Politics | |
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| Constitutional and Political Features | |
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| Institutional Fragmentation and Policy Stalemate | |
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| The Benefits of Dispersed Power | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| The Evolution of Environmental Policy and Politics | |
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| Natural Resources and Environmental Policies in Historical Perspective | |
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| The Settlement and "Conquest" of Nature | |
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| The Conservation Movement and Advances in Public Health | |
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| From the New Deal to the Environmental Movement | |
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| The Modern Environmental Movement and Policy Achievements | |
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| Environmental Interest Groups | |
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| Public Opinion and the Environment | |
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| Environmental Issues in Election Campaigns | |
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| Political Reaction to Environmentalism | |
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| Environmental Policy in the Reagan and Bush Administrations | |
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| Clinton and Gore Reform Environmental Policy and Battle Congress | |
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| George W. Bush and the Environment | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Environmental Protection Policy: Controlling Pollution | |
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| The Contours of Environmental Protection Policy | |
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| The Clean Air Act | |
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| The Clean Water Act | |
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| The Safe Drinking Water Act | |
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| The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act | |
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| The Toxic Substances Control Act | |
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| The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act | |
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| The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act | |
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| The Institutional Context of Policy Implementation | |
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| The EPA'S Organization, Budget, and Staff | |
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| Working with the States | |
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| Political Support and Opposition | |
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| Setting Environmental Standards | |
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| Environmental Goals and Objectives | |
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| Environmental Quality Criteria | |
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| Setting Quality Standards | |
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| Emissions Standards | |
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| Balancing Statutory Goals and Costs | |
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| Adopting and Enforcing Regulations | |
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| Administrative Rule Making | |
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| Enforcement and Compliance | |
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| White House Oversight | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Energy and Natural Resource Policies | |
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| Energy Policy: Goals and Means | |
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| Indirect Policy Impacts | |
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| Shifting Energy Priorities | |
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| The Energy Policy Cycle: 1973-1989 | |
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| Carter's National Energy Plan and Conservation Gains | |
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| Reagan's Nonpolicy on Energy | |
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| Energy Policy for the Twenty-First Century | |
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| The Bush Administration's National Energy Strategy | |
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| The Clinton Administration Tries Its Hand | |
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| Energy Policy Under | |
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| State and Local Energy Initiatives | |
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| Natural Resources and Policy Change | |
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| Environmental Stewardship or Economic Development? | |
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| The Environmentalist Challenge to Resource Development | |
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| Natural Resource Policies and Agencies | |
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| Managing the Nation's Forests | |
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| Battles over Wilderness | |
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| Governing the Range | |
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| BLM Lands and the Sagebrush Rebellion | |
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| Other Protected Lands and Agencies | |
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| Environmental Impacts and Natural Resources Decision Making | |
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| The Endangered Species Act | |
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| The National Environmental Policy Act | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Evaluating Environmental Policy | |
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| Critiques of Environmental Policy | |
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| Environmental Policy Evaluation | |
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| Program Outcomes | |
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| Examining Decision Making and Institutions | |
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| Signs of Progress | |
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| Environmental Protection Policies | |
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| Natural Resource Policies | |
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| Data Assessment and Public Dialogue | |
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| Costs, Benefits, and Risks | |
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| Comparing Risks and Setting Priorities | |
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| Controversies over Cost-Benefit Analysis and Risk Assessment | |
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| Environmentalists' Use of Economic Analysis | |
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| Jobs, the Economy, and the Environment | |
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| Employment, Business Costs, and Environmental Policy | |
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| Seeking Common Ground: Toward Environmental Sustainability | |
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| Environmental Justice | |
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| Reforming Environmental Regulation | |
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| The Case for Policy Alternatives | |
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| Assessing New Policy Approaches | |
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| New Directions in Energy and Natural Resources Policy | |
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| The Appeal of User Fees | |
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| Privatization of Public Land | |
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| Social Cost Accounting | |
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| Government Purchasing Power | |
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| Ecosystem Management | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Environmental Policy and Politics for the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Environmental Goals and Policy Choices: Domestic and Global | |
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| Three Generations of Environmental Policy and Politics | |
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| Toward Sustainable Development? | |
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| The President's Council on Sustainable Development | |
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| Sustainable Development at State and Local Levels | |
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| Business and the Environment | |
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| Citizens and the Environment | |
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| International Environmental Policy and Politics | |
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| Environmental Institutions and Policies | |
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| Institutional Capacity for Global Sustainable Development | |
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| Political Conflict and Global Environmental Policy | |
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| Climate Change | |
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| Protection of Biological Diversity | |
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| Population Growth and Economic Development | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |