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Writing and Reading | |
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Communities of Writers and Readers | |
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Academic, Public, and Work Communities | |
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Electronic Communities | |
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Generating and Organizing Ideas | |
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Generating Ideas | |
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Organizing Ideas and Information | |
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Purpose, Thesis, and Audience | |
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Identifying Your Focus and Purpose | |
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Creating a Thesis | |
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Understanding Your Readers | |
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Drafting | |
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Moving from Planning to Drafting | |
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Drafting Collaboratively | |
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Revising, Editing, and ProofReading | |
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Making Major Revisions | |
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Making Minor Revisions | |
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Revising Collaboratively | |
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Writing Correctly | |
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Editing | |
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ProofReading | |
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Reading Critically | |
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Reading for Understanding | |
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Reading Analytically and Critically | |
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Using Journals to Turn Reading into Writing | |
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Paragraphs | |
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Recognizing Unfocused Paragraphs | |
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Revising for Paragraph Focus | |
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Recognizing Incoherent Paragraphs | |
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Revising for Paragraph Coherence | |
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Recognizing Poorly Developed Paragraphs | |
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Revising for Paragraph Development | |
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Using Special-Purpose Paragraphs | |
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Reasoning and Presenting | |
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Making Language Choices | |
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Choosing a Style | |
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Recognizing Home and Community Language Varieties | |
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Meeting Language Expectations | |
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Reasoning Critically | |
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Recognizing Critical Reasoning | |
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Building a Chain of Reasoning | |
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Representing Your Reasoning | |
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Writing in Online Communities | |
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Online Expectations | |
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Email Conventions | |
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Online Communities | |
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Writing for the World Wide Web | |
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Avoiding Plagiarism and Behaving Ethically Online | |
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Designing Documents | |
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Goals of Document Design | |
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Planning Design | |
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Laying Out Your Document | |
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Using Type | |
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Using Visuals | |
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Sample Documents | |
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Writing for Specific Audiences | |
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Persuasive Arguments | |
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Recognizing Occasions for Argument | |
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Developing Your Stance | |
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Developing Reasons and Evidence | |
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Acknowledging Other Perspectives | |
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Arguing Logically | |
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Writing a Position Paper | |
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Academic Writing Across the Curriculum | |
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Goals of academic writing | |
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Analyzing academic audiences | |
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General academic writing tasks | |
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Types general academic writing | |
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Short documented paper | |
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Lab report | |
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Essay exam | |
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Annotated bibliography | |
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Literature review | |
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Writing in the arts and humanities | |
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Original or researched interpretation | |
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Writing in the social and natural sciences | |
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Research report | |
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Reading and Writing About Literature | |
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Reading Literary Texts | |
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Writing About Literary Texts | |
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Sample Literary Analysis | |
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Public Writing | |
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Goals of Public Writing | |
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Analyzing Public Audiences | |
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Types of Public Writing | |
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Public Flyer | |
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Letter to the Editor | |
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Speaking in Public Settings | |
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Workplace Writing | |
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Goals of Workplace Writing | |
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Analyzing Workplace Audiences | |
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Understanding Workplace Writing Tasks | |
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Types of Workplace Writing | |
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Business Letter | |
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Memo | |
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R�sum� and Application Letter | |
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Speaking in the Workplace | |
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Researching and Writing | |
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Getting Started: Researching and Writing | |
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Beginning Your Research | |
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Types of Research Writing | |
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Developing a Research Question | |
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Developing a Preliminary Thesis | |
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Creating a Research File and a Timeline | |
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Reading and Note Taking | |
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Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Synthesizing | |
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Library Resources and Research Databases | |
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Developing a Search Strategy and Working Bibliography | |
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Searching Library Resources and Databases | |
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General Resources | |
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Books and Online Catalogs | |
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Periodicals, Print or Electronic Indexes, and Government Documents | |
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Online Databases | |
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Evaluating Library Sources | |
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Web and Internet Resources | |
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Developing a Web and Internet Search Strategy | |
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Search Engines | |
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Web Sites and Internet Resources | |
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Evaluating Web and Internet Sources | |
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Fieldwork | |
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Interviewing | |
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Surveying, Polling, or Using Questionnaires | |
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Conducting an Ethnographic Study | |
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Obtaining Consent and Approval for Research on Human Subjects | |
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Avoiding Plagiarism | |
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Recognizing Plagiarism | |
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The Problem of Intention | |
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Recognizing When to Document Sources | |
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Working with Common Knowledge | |
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Citing Sources Responsibly | |
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Citing Sources in Context | |
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Integrating Sources | |
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Choosing Purposes for Your Sources | |
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Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Synthesizing | |
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Writing, Revising, and Presenting Your Research | |
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Reviewing Your Research Questions | |
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Reviewing Your Purpose | |
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Building from a Thesis to a Draft | |
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Revising and Editing | |
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Presenting Your Research | |
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Documenting Sources | |
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Five Serious Documentation Problems | |
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Wrong Kind of Citation Entry | |
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Missing Citation Information | |
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Wrong Citation Details | |
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Misplaced In-text Citations | |
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Incorrect In-text Citation Format | |
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MLA Documentation Style | |
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MLA In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations | |
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MLA List of Works Cited | |
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Sample MLA Paper | |
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APA Documentation Style | |
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APA In-text Citations | |
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APA Reference List | |
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CMS Documentation Style | |
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Using CMS Endnotes or Footnotes | |
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Creating CMS Endnotes or Footnotes | |
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Creating a CMS Bibliography | |
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CSE Documentation Style | |
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CSE In-text Citations | |
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CSE Reference List | |
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Editing Grammar | |
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Ten Serious Errors | |
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Fragment | |
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Fused Sentence | |
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Unclear Pronoun Reference | |
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Lack of Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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Dangling Modifier | |
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Shift | |
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Misused or Missing Apostrophe | |
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Unnecessary Commas | |
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Missing or Misused Quotation Marks | |
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Double Negative | |
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Words Working in Sentences | |
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Nouns and Articles | |
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Pronouns | |
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Verbs | |
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Adjectives | |
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Adverbs | |
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Prepositions | |
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Conjunctions | |
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Interjections | |
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Sentence Parts and Patterns | |
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Subjects and Predicates | |
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Phrases | |
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Subordinate Clauses | |
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Different Types of Sentences | |
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Using Verbs | |
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Simple Present and Past Tense Verbs | |
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Editing Present Tense Verbs | |
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Editing Past Tense Verbs | |
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Complex Tenses and Helping Verbs | |
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Editing Progressive and Perfect Tenses | |
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Editing Troublesome Verbs (lie, lay, sit, set) | |
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Clear Tense Sequence | |
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Subjunctive Mood | |
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Active and Passive Voice | |
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Using Pronouns | |
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Pronoun Forms | |
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Editing Common Pronoun Forms | |
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Making Sentence Parts Agree | |
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Agreement | |
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Creating Simple Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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Creating Complex Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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Creating Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement | |
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Using Adjectives and Adverbs | |
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What Adjectives and Adverbs Do | |
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Editing Adjectives and Adverbs | |
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Editing Sentence Problems | |
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Sentence Fragments | |
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Sentence Fragments | |
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Editing Sentence Fragments | |
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Using Partial Sentences | |
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Comma Splices and Fused Sentences | |
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Comma Splices | |
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Fused Sentences | |
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Editing Comma Splices and Fused Sentences | |
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Creating Pronoun Reference | |
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Unclear Pronoun Reference | |
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Editing for Clear Pronoun Reference | |
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Misplaced, Dangling, and Disruptive Modifiers | |
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Misplaced, Dangling, and Disruptive Modifiers | |
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Editing Misplaced, Dangling, and Disruptive Modifiers | |
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Making Shifts Consistent | |
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Shifts in Person and Number | |
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Shifts in Tense and Mood | |
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Shifts in Active or Passive Voice | |
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Shifts Between Direct and Indirect Quotations | |
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Mixed and Incomplete Sentences | |
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Mixed Sentences | |
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Editing Mixed Sentences | |
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Incomplete Sentences | |
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Parallelism | |
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Faulty Parallelism | |
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Editing for Parallelism | |
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Coordination and Subordination | |
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Creating Coordination | |
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Creating Subordination | |
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Editing Coordination and Subordination | |
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Clear and Emphatic Sentences | |
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Unclear Sentences | |
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Editing for Clear Sentences | |
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Editing Word Choice | |
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Being Concise | |
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Common Types of Wordiness | |
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Editing for Conciseness | |
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Choosing Appropriate Words | |
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Recognizing the Demands of Context and Purpose | |
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Editing for Precise Diction | |
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Using Respectful Language | |
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Editing Gender Stereotypes | |
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Editing Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Stereotypes | |
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Building Your Language Resources | |
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Recognizing Your Language Resources as a Writer | |
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Turning to the Dictionary and the Thesaurus | |
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Editing Punctuation | |
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Commas | |
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Joining Sentences | |
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Setting Off Sentence Elements | |
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Setting Off Nonessential Modifiers | |
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Separating Items in a Series | |
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Separating Adjectives in a Sequence | |
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Dates, Numbers, Addresses, Place Names, People's Titles, and Letters | |
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Commas with Quotations | |
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Commas to Make Your Meaning Clear | |
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Eliminating Commas that Do Not Belong | |
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Semicolons and Colons | |
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Semicolons | |
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Colons | |
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Apostrophes | |
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Apostrophes that Mark Possession | |
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Apostrophes that Mark Contractions and Omissions | |
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Marking Quotations | |
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Using Quotation Marks | |
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Titles of Short Works | |
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Highlighting Words, Special Terms, and Tone of Voice | |
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Periods, Question Marks, and Exclamation Points | |
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Periods | |
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Question Marks | |
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Exclamation Points | |
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Other Punctuation Marks | |
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Parentheses | |
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Brackets | |
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Dashes | |
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Ellipses | |
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Slashes | |
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Symbols in Electronic Addresses | |
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Combining Punctuation Marks | |
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ProofReading for Mechanics and Spelling | |
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Capitalizing | |
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Capitalizing to Begin Sentences | |
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Capitalizing Proper Names and Titles | |
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Italicizing (Underlining) | |
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Italics (Underlining) in Titles | |
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Italics for Specific Terms | |
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Underlining for Emphasis | |
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Hyphenating | |
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Hyphenating to Join Words | |
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Hyphenating to Divide Words | |
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Using Numbers | |
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Spelling Out Numbers | |
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Using Numerals | |
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Abbreviating | |
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Familiar Abbreviations | |
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ProofReading for Appropriate Abbreviations | |
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Spelling | |
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Starting with Your Spell Checker | |
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Watching for Common Patterns of Misspelling | |
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ProofReading for Commonly Misspelled Words | |
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Glossary of Usage | |
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Answers to Selected Exercises | |
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Index | |
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Credits | |
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Guide to ESL Advice | |
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Symbols for Revising and Editing | |