Elementary Statistics in Social Research: Essentials

Name: Elementary Statistics in Social Research: Essentials
Price: 11.79 USD
Availability: InStock
ISBN: 9780205638000

ISBN-10: 0205638007

ISBN-13: 9780205638000

Edition: 3rd 2011

Authors: Jack Levin, James Fox

List price: $173.32

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This text provides a streamlined and accessible introduction to statistics for students in sociology, criminal justice, political science, social work, and other social sciences. This text offers an essential and accessible overview to the introduction to social statistics. Clearly written with detailed step-by-step illustrations of statistical procedures, this text provides clear and logical explanations for the rationale and use of statistical methods of social research. Numerous end-of-chapter questions in every chapter reinforce key concepts to students.

Book details

List price: $173.32
Edition: 3rd
Copyright year: 2011
Publisher: Prentice Hall PTR
Publication date: 2/15/2010
Binding: Paperback
Pages: 400
Size: 7.25" wide x 9.00" long x 0.75" tall
Weight: 1.188
Language: English

Jack Levin is the Irving and Betty Brudnick Professor of Sociology and Criminology at Northeastern University, where he co-directs its Center on Violence and Conflict and teaches courses in the sociology of violence and hate. He has authored or co-authored 30 books, most recently Serial Killers and Sadistic Murderers-Up Close and Personal and The Violence of Hate. Levin has also published more than 100 articles in professional journals and books and more than 150 columns in major newspapers, such as The New York Times, The Sunday London Times, The Chicago Tribune, The Washington Post, and USA Today. In 2009, he received a major award from the American Sociological Association for his…



Preface



Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics


The Nature of Social Research


Why Test Hypotheses?


The Stages of Social Research


Using Series of Numbers to Do Social Research


The Functions of Statistics


Summary


Questions and Problems


Looking at the Larger Picture: A Student Survey



Description



Organizing the Data


Frequency Distributions of Nominal Data


Comparing Distributions


Proportions and Percentages


Simple Frequency Distributions of Ordinal and Interval Data


Grouped Frequency Distributions of Interval Data


Cumulative Distributions


Dealing with Decimal Data


Flexible Class Intervals


Cross-Tabulations


Graphic Presentations


Summary


Questions and Problems



Measures of Central Tendency


The Mode


The Median


The Mean


Taking One Step at a Time


Comparing the Mode, Median, and Mean



Step-by-Step Illustration: Mode, Median, and Mean


Summary


Questions and Problems



Measures of Variability


The Range


The Variance and the Standard Deviation



Step-by-Step Illustration: Standard Deviation


The Raw-Score Formula for Variance and Standard Deviation



Step-by-Step Illustration: Variance and Standard Deviation Using Raw Scores


The Meaning of the Standard Deviation


Comparing Measures of Variability


Summary


Questions and Problems


Looking at the Larger Picture: Describing Data



From Description to Decision Making



Probability and the Normal Curve


Probability


Probability Distributions


The Normal Curve as a Probability Distribution


Characteristics of the Normal Curve


The Model and the Reality of the Normal Curve


The Area under the Normal Curve


Standard Scores and the Normal Curve


Finding Probability under the Normal Curve



Step-by-Step Illustration: Probability under the Normal Curve



Step-by-Step Illustration: Finding Scores from Probability Based on the Normal Curve


Summary


Questions and Problems



Samples and Populations


Random Sampling


Sampling Error


Sampling Distribution of Means


Standard Error of the Mean


Confidence Intervals


The t Distribution



Step-by-Step Illustration: Confidence Interval Using t


Estimating Proportions



Step-by-Step Illustration: Confidence Interval for Proportions


Summary


Questions and Problems


Looking at the Larger Picture: Generalizing from Samples to Populations



Decision Making



Testing Differences between Means


The Null Hypothesis: No Difference between Means


The Research Hypothesis: A Difference between Means


Sampling Distribution of Differences between Means


Testing Hypotheses with the Distribution of Differences between Means


Levels of Significance


Standard Error of the Difference between Means


Testing the Difference between Means



Step-by-Step Illustration: Test of Difference between Means


Comparing Dependent Samples



Step-by-Step Illustration: Test of Difference between Means for Same Sample Measured Twice



Step-by-Step Illustration: Test of Difference between Means for Matched Samples


Two Sample Test of Proportions



Step-by-Step Illustration: Test of Difference between Proportions


Requirements for Testing the Difference between Means


Summary


Questions and Problems



Analysis of Variance


The Logic of Analysis of Variance


The Sum of Squares


A Research Illustration


Mean Square


The F Ratio



Step-by-Step Illustration: Analysis of Variance


Requirements for Using the F Ratio


Summary


Questions and Problems



Nonparametric Tests of Significance


One-Way Chi-Square Test



Step-by-Step Illustration: One-Way Chi-Square


Two-Way Chi-Square Test



Step-by-Step Illustration: Two-Way Chi-Square Test of Significance



Step-by-Step Illustration: Comparing Several Groups


The Median Test



Step-by-Step Illustration: Median Test


Summary


Questions and Problems


Looking at the Larger Picture: Testing for Differences



From Decision Making to Association



Correlation


Strength of Correlation


Direction of Correlation


Curvilinear Correlation


The Correlation Coefficient


Pearson's Correlation Coefficient



Step-by-Step Illustration: Pearson's Correlation Coefficient


Summary


Questions and Problems



Regression Analysis


The Regression Model


Interpreting the Regression Line


Regression and Pearson's Correlation



Step-by-Step Illustration: Regression Analysis


Summary


Questions and Problems



Nonparametric Measures of Correlation


Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient



Step-by-Step Illustration: Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient


Goodman's and Kruskal's Gamma



Step-by-Step Illustration: Goodman's and Kruskal's Gamma


Correlation Coefficient for Nominal Data Arranged in a 2 ï¿½ 2 Table


Correlation Coefficients for Nominal Data in Larger than 2 ï¿½ 2 Tables


Summary


Questions and Problems


Looking at the Larger Picture: Measuring Association



Applying Statistics



Choosing Statistical Procedures for Research Problems


Research Situations


Research Solutions


Appendixes



Instructions for Using ABCalc



A Review of Some Fundamentals of Mathematics



Tables



List of Formulas


Answers to Problems


Index