| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Illustrations | |
| |
| |
| Maps | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Ancient Middle East | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Early Civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt | |
| |
| |
| Key Topics | |
| |
| |
| Why Mesopotamia? | |
| |
| |
| The Agricultural Revolution | |
| |
| |
| The State and Urban Revolution | |
| |
| |
| Early Mesopotamian History: The Sumerian Period (3100-2000 b.c.) | |
| |
| |
| The Egyptian Alternative: The Old and Middle Kingdoms | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Age of Empires: The Middle East, 2000-1000 b.c. | |
| |
| |
| Key Topics | |
| |
| |
| A Time of Turmoil: New Peoples East and West | |
| |
| |
| Mesopotamia in the Age of Hammurabi | |
| |
| |
| The Hittite Empire | |
| |
| |
| The Egyptian Empire | |
| |
| |
| Egypt in Decline | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Middle East to the Persian Empire | |
| |
| |
| Key Topics | |
| |
| |
| The New Peoples of the Middle East | |
| |
| |
| The Glory of Assyria and Babylon | |
| |
| |
| The Persians | |
| |
| |
| Religion and Culture in Israel | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Greek World | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Emergence of Greek Civilization | |
| |
| |
| Key Topics | |
| |
| |
| Geography and History | |
| |
| |
| The Origins of Greek Culture | |
| |
| |
| The Minoan and Mycenaean Ages | |
| |
| |
| The Dark Ages | |
| |
| |
| Out of the Darkness: The Archaic Age | |
| |
| |
| The Example of Two Cities: Sparta and Athens | |
| |
| |
| Polis Society | |
| |
| |
| Culture and Society in the Archaic Age | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Wars of the Greeks | |
| |
| |
| Key Topics | |
| |
| |
| Persians and Greeks | |
| |
| |
| The Military Situation after the Persian Wars | |
| |
| |
| The Great War between Athens and Sparta | |
| |
| |
| The Hegemony of Sparta and Thebes | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classical Athens | |
| |
| |
| Key Topics | |
| |
| |
| The Early Classical Period (ca. 490-450 b.c.) | |
| |
| |
| The Classical Age, Part I (450-430 b.c.) | |
| |
| |
| The Later Classical Period (430-338 b.c.) | |
| |
| |
| Athenian Society | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Philip, Alexander, and the Hellenistic World | |
| |
| |
| Key Topics | |
| |
| |
| Backward Macedonia Challenges Greece | |
| |
| |
| The Genius of Philip | |
| |
| |
| The Orator and the King: Demosthenes and Philip | |
| |
| |
| Alexander the Great | |
| |
| |
| Campaigns in Central Asia (330-323 b.c.) | |
| |
| |
| Alexander's Successors | |
| |
| |
| The State and Society in the Hellenistic World | |
| |
| |
| Hellenistic Society | |
| |
| |
| Culture and Religion in the Hellenistic World | |
| |
| |
| Greek High Culture Adapts to a New Environment | |
| |
| |
| Becoming Greek: Education in the New World | |
| |
| |
| The Hellenistic Age: Achievements and Limitations | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Roman World | |
| |
| |
| |
| Early Rome | |
| |
| |
| Key Topics | |
| |
| |
| The Western Mediterranean and Early Italy | |
| |
| |
| The Latins and Early Rome | |
| |
| |
| The Republic | |
| |
| |
| The Social and Political Achievement of Early Rome: Consensus | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Building of an Empire | |
| |
| |
| Key Topics | |
| |
| |
| The Growth of Rome in Italy | |
| |
| |
| The Punic Wars | |
| |
| |
| Roman Territorial Expansion after the Hannibalic War | |
| |
| |
| Society and the State in the Roman Republic | |
| |
| |
| An Estimate of Roman Society | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Transformation of the Roman Republic | |
| |
| |
| Key Topics | |
| |
| |
| The Old Order Fades | |
| |
| |
| The Gracchan Revolution: Social and Political Context | |
| |
| |
| From the Gracchi to Augustus: The Roman Revolution | |
| |
| |
| The Fall of the Roman Republic | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Roman World from Augustus to the Third-Century Crisis | |
| |
| |
| Key Topics | |
| |
| |
| The Reforms of Augustus | |
| |
| |
| Rounding Out the Empire | |
| |
| |
| The Severan Emperors | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Roman Peace | |
| |
| |
| Key Topics | |
| |
| |
| Challenge and Response | |
| |
| |
| Society and the State in the Empire | |
| |
| |
| The Government, the Army, and Society | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Empire from the Third-Century Crisis to Justinian | |
| |
| |
| Key Topics | |
| |
| |
| The Third-Century Crisis | |
| |
| |
| Political Anarchy | |
| |
| |
| Diocletian and Constantine | |
| |
| |
| The Emperor and the Administration | |
| |
| |
| The Army, the Empire, and the Barbarians | |
| |
| |
| The Collapse of the Western Empire | |
| |
| |
| The Rise of the Byzantine Empire | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Transformed Mediterranean | |
| |
| |
| Key Topics | |
| |
| |
| History Moves Northward and Eastward | |
| |
| |
| The Transformation of the Classical Tradition | |
| |
| |
| The Empire and the Church Come to Terms | |
| |
| |
| The Christian Way of Life | |
| |
| |
| Civilizing the Barbarians | |
| |
| |
| Diverging Beliefs | |
| |
| |
| Islam and the Transformation of the Mediterranean | |
| |
| |
| Religious Legacies | |
| |
| |
| Epilogue | |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Index | |